Pathology Flashcards
Irreversible cell damage
Influx of calcium ions and enzymes released from dead tissue
Necrosis
Structural changes
Profound disturbances in membrane function
Extensive calfication of the membrane
Reversible cell injury
Reduced oxidative phosphorylation
ATP depletion
Cellular shrinking
Stimuli of decreased nutrients
Atrophy
Chronic irritation
Metaplasia
Reduced oxygen supply, chemical injury, infection
Injury, necrosis, apoptosis
Hyperplasia
Increase in organ size due to increase umber of cells
Hypertrophy
Increase individual size of cells leading to an increase in organ sizw
During caradiac muscle hypertrophy alpha myosin heavy chains are replaced by b my doing heavy chains chain which leads to
A decrease in atpase activity and a slower , more efficient contraction
Cachexia
Or wasting syndrome is loss of weight and malnutrition usually associated with chronic disease
The ubiquitin protea some pathway is responsible for
Degradation of many cytosolic and nuclear proteins
What stops the protea some mediated protein degrading?
Insulin
Lipofuscin granules turn tissue what colour
Brown
Barrett esophagus metaplasia
Squamous to columnar with goblet cells
Nucleus undergoes fragmentation
Karyorrhexis
Nuclear shrinkage and increased basophillia
Pyknosis
