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Fundamental Of Disease > Medical Mycology > Flashcards

Medical Mycology Flashcards

1
Q

What are fungi?

A

Have true nuclei
Have cell walls
Produces spores

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2
Q

Four classes of fungi

A

Fungi imperti
Basidiomycetes
Zygomycetes
Ascomycetes

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3
Q

Types of fungi infections

A

Systemic
Subcutaneous
Cutaneous

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4
Q

Describe the capsule in fungi?

A

Made of poysaccharides, functions are antiphagotic,

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5
Q

Example of a fungi that has a capsule?

A

Cryptococcus neoforman

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6
Q

Describe cell wall in fungi

A

Multilayered , polysaccharides ( hexosomes and hexosamine)
Protein and glycoproteins
Antigenic in nature

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7
Q

Function of cell wall

A

Provides shape, rigidity, strength and protection from osmotic shock.

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8
Q

Chitin is the polymer what is the monomer

A

N-acetyl glucosamine

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9
Q

Chitosan monomer

A

D- glucosamine

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10
Q

Cellulose, alpha and beta glucan

A

D glucose

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11
Q

Mannan

A

D- mannose

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12
Q

Sterols in fungi

A

Ergosterol and zymosterol

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13
Q

What makes fungi pathogenic?

A

Thermotolerance
Ability to survive in tissue Environment
Ability to withstand host defenses ( antiphagotic , large hyphe, professes and elastase facilitate invasion)

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14
Q

Yeast

A 
Unicellular
Oval to round
Bud is called a blastomere
Pseudo hyphae
Pasty colonies
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15
Q

Moulds

A

Multicellular
Hyphae
Shape and morphology ( racquet, nodular, spiral, rhizoids, chandelier)

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16
Q

What is dimorphic?

A

Having a yeast phase and a Mycelial form under different conditions

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17
Q

Yeast form

A

Parasitic form
Tissue form
Cultured at 37 degrees

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18
Q

Mycelial form

A

Saprophytic form

Cultured at 25 degrees

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19
Q

What are spores?

A

A reproductive propagule that forms either following meiosis or asexually by a cleavage process.

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20
Q

Asexual reproduction

A

Athrospores
Blastospore
Chlamydospore
Conida microconidia or microconidia

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21
Q

Sexual

A

Zygospore
Ascospore
Basidiospore

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22
Q

Para sexual reproduction

A

Genetic exchange

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23
Q

Pityriasis vericolor is caused by ……….. and identification of this fungi

A

Malassezia furfur ….. spaghetti and meatballs

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24
Q

White piedra is caused by ……….. and identification of this fungi

A

Trichosporum beigelii ……. White nodules on hair shaft of mycelia that fragments into arthrospores.

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25
Q

Black piedra is caused by ……….. and identification of this fungi

A

Piedra hortai …….. Black nodules on hair

26
Q

Tinea nigra is caused by ……….. and identification of this fungi

A

Hortaea werneckii

27
Q

Cutaneous mycoses are mainly caused by

A

Dermatophytes

28
Q

Tinea unguium

29
Q

Tinea pedis aka athlete foot

30
Q

Endothrix

A

Hair shaft interior

31
Q

Ectothrix

A

Hair shaft surface

32
Q

Tines cruris

A

Jock , groin

33
Q

Cutaneous infections are caused by

A

Trichophyton sp, epidermphyton sp

34
Q

Subcutaneous

A

Confined to subcutaneous tissue and rarely spread to systemic.
Soil organism into extremities by trauma.

35
Q

Sporotrichosis is caused by

A

Sporothrix schenckii …….. Rosette pattern on culture At 25

36
Q

Symptoms of sporotrichosis

A

Nodules and ulcers along lymphatics at the site of inoculation

37
Q

Chromoblastomycosis caused by

A

Fonsecacea pedroso, compacta , wangiella dermatitdis……. Copper color balls called medlar bodies in tissues

38
Q

Warty nodules that progress to cauliflower like appearance at site if inoculation

A

Chromoblastomycosis

39
Q

Mycetoma is caused by

A

Pseudallescheria boydii, madurella grisea, madurella mycetomatis

40
Q

Mycetoma symptoms

A

Draining sinus at site of inoculation

41
Q

Systemic infection

A

Involve skin and deep viscera
Maybe widely disseminated
Predilection for specific organs

42
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum

A 
Dimorphic 
Tuberculate microconidia (sunflower)
43
Q

Paracoccidiodes brasiliensis

A

Ship wheel ,

44
Q

Blastomyces dermatitidis

A

Yeast cells are medium size with thick walls

45
Q

Coccidiodes imitis

A

Spherules are multinucleated

46
Q

Cryptococcosis neoformans

A

Only fungi with a capsule .

47
Q

Candidiasis is caused by

A

Candidasis

48
Q

Aspergillosis is caused by

A

Apergillus fumigatus

49
Q

Zygomycosis is caused by

A

Rhizopus sp, absidia sp, mucor sp

50
Q

Diagnosis of systemic

A

Culture
Histology
Serologic alp testing
Molecular

51
Q

Cryptococcosis is tested by

A

Latex agglutination for antigen

52
Q

Aspergillosis tested

A

EIA for galactomannan antigen

53
Q

Laboratory diagnosis

A

Gram stain, KOH, India ink or calcofluor white
Culture , SDA, mycobiotic agar
Serology

54
Q

Polyene drugs attack

A

Ergesterol

55
Q

Examples of polyene derivatives

A

Amphotericin B, nyastain

56
Q

Azolesinhibitthe synthesis of ergosterol blocking the action of 14 alpha demethylase

A 
Ketoconazole
Fluconazole
Itraconazole
Voriconazole
Posaconazole
57
Q

Mechanisms of amphorericin B

A

Binds to sterols, has a greater avidity for ergosterol , binding to fungal cell alters the permeablity and intracellular contents to leak

58
Q

Griseofulvin

A

Skin and nails

59
Q

5- fluorocytosine

A

Inhibits DNA synthesis

60
Q

Allylamines

A

Terbinafine ( lamas ill)

61
Q

Echinocandins

A

Inhibit the synthesis of beta-d- glucan in fungal cell wall

Fundamental Of Disease (19 decks)

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