Pathology Flashcards
What is included in the lung parenchyma?
Alveolar airspace
Alveolar wall
Connective tissue around small vessels
What is the interstitial tissue
Framework supporting parenchyma
What is the risk population for sarcoidosis?
Black women
Acute anterior uveitis can be a sign of…
sarcoidosis
Name three variants of sarcoidosis and their symptoms
Loefgren’ syndrom (fever, polyarthristis, painful bumps)
Uveo-parotid fever (enlarged parotid, uveitis)
Lupus pernio (violecous nose, lips and cheeks)
What happens during phase 1 sarcoidosis?
Enlargement of nodes
What happens during phase 2 sarcoidosis?
Enlargement of nodes and increased interstitial markings
What happens during phase 3 sarcoidosis?
Lymph nodes regress
What happens during phase 4 sarcoidosis?
Fibrosis
What is the treatment for sarcoidosis?
Steroids, anti-TNF, anti-malaria drugs
What is the clinical equivalent to UIP (usual interstitial pneumonia)?
IPF: idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
What is the pathological equivalent to acute interstitial pneumonia?
Diffuse alveolar damage
What is the clinical equivalent of Organizing pneumonia
Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia
Patchy distribution
Honeycombing
Biphasic fibrosis and
Architectual remodeling are a sign of what?
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis/Usual interstitial pneumonia
What are the two phase to UIP/IPF?
Alveolitis and Fibrosis
What are the signs of organizing pneumonia?
Patchy distribution
Fibroblastic tissue in bronchiolar/alveolar duct lumens
Interstitial inflammation
What happens during phase 2 of tuberculosis
Bactery spreads to regional lymph nodes
When is phase 2 of tuberculosis
2-4 weeks
What happens during phase 3 of tuberculosis
Hematogenous dissemination
The second immune response to tuberculosis is granuloma. When does it happen?
4-7 weeks after initial infection
What are the factors that determine if tuberculosis develops or goes dormant? (5 elements)
Age (very young/old) HIV/aids infection Diabetes/renal failure Smoking/alcohol Being underweight
Symptomatic tuberculosis will develop within…
3 to 6 months
Diagnosis for tuberculosis requires
to see tuberculosis under microscope
What is treatment against active tuberculosis?
2 antibiotics for 6 months
What is treatment against latent tuberculosis?
1 antibiotic for 9 months
What is the primary risk factor worldwide for tuberculosis (including in inus communities)?
Malnutrition
Non-tuberculous mycobacteria refers to all mycobacteria, except for those two?
Tuberculosis mycobacterium
Mycobacterium leprae
What non-tuberculosis mycobacteria can cause disease?
Mycobacterium avium (treatment 12 months)
What are the symptoms of mycobacterium avium?
Bronchiectasis
Tuberculosis mimic
Weight loss
