Pathology

Question 1

What is included in the lung parenchyma?

Answer 1

Alveolar airspace
Alveolar wall
Connective tissue around small vessels

Question 2

What is the interstitial tissue

Answer 2

Framework supporting parenchyma

Question 3

What is the risk population for sarcoidosis?

Answer 3

Black women

Question 4

Acute anterior uveitis can be a sign of…

Answer 4

sarcoidosis

Question 5

Name three variants of sarcoidosis and their symptoms

Answer 5

Loefgren’ syndrom (fever, polyarthristis, painful bumps)
Uveo-parotid fever (enlarged parotid, uveitis)
Lupus pernio (violecous nose, lips and cheeks)

Question 6

What happens during phase 1 sarcoidosis?

Answer 6

Enlargement of nodes

Question 7

What happens during phase 2 sarcoidosis?

Answer 7

Enlargement of nodes and increased interstitial markings

Question 8

What happens during phase 3 sarcoidosis?

Answer 8

Lymph nodes regress

Question 9

What happens during phase 4 sarcoidosis?

Answer 9

Fibrosis

Question 10

What is the treatment for sarcoidosis?

Answer 10

Steroids, anti-TNF, anti-malaria drugs

Question 11

What is the clinical equivalent to UIP (usual interstitial pneumonia)?

Answer 11

IPF: idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Question 12

What is the pathological equivalent to acute interstitial pneumonia?

Answer 12

Diffuse alveolar damage

Question 13

What is the clinical equivalent of Organizing pneumonia

Answer 13

Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia

Question 14

Patchy distribution
Honeycombing
Biphasic fibrosis and
Architectual remodeling are a sign of what?

Answer 14

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis/Usual interstitial pneumonia

Question 15

What are the two phase to UIP/IPF?

Answer 15

Alveolitis and Fibrosis

Question 16

What are the signs of organizing pneumonia?

Answer 16

Patchy distribution
Fibroblastic tissue in bronchiolar/alveolar duct lumens
Interstitial inflammation

Question 17

What happens during phase 2 of tuberculosis

Answer 17

Bactery spreads to regional lymph nodes

Question 18

When is phase 2 of tuberculosis

Answer 18

2-4 weeks

Question 19

What happens during phase 3 of tuberculosis

Answer 19

Hematogenous dissemination

Question 20

The second immune response to tuberculosis is granuloma. When does it happen?

Answer 20

4-7 weeks after initial infection

Question 21

What are the factors that determine if tuberculosis develops or goes dormant? (5 elements)

Answer 21

Age (very young/old)
HIV/aids infection
Diabetes/renal failure
Smoking/alcohol
Being underweight

Question 22

Symptomatic tuberculosis will develop within…

Answer 22

3 to 6 months

Question 23

Diagnosis for tuberculosis requires

Answer 23

to see tuberculosis under microscope

Question 24

What is treatment against active tuberculosis?

Answer 24

2 antibiotics for 6 months

Question 25

What is treatment against latent tuberculosis?

Answer 25

1 antibiotic for 9 months

Question 26

What is the primary risk factor worldwide for tuberculosis (including in inus communities)?

Answer 26

Malnutrition

Question 27

Non-tuberculous mycobacteria refers to all mycobacteria, except for those two?

Answer 27

Tuberculosis mycobacterium

Mycobacterium leprae

Question 28

What non-tuberculosis mycobacteria can cause disease?

Answer 28

Mycobacterium avium (treatment 12 months)

Question 29

What are the symptoms of mycobacterium avium?

Answer 29

Bronchiectasis
Tuberculosis mimic
Weight loss