Embryology Flashcards
What kind of muscle do we find at the upper part of the esophagus?
Striated
What kind of muscle do we find at the lower part of the esophagus?
Smooth
At which week of gestation will the esophagus take its final length
7th week
Excessive salivation, respiratory distress, material polyhydramnios are symptoms of what?
Abnormality of tracheal budding
A bronchopulmonary foregut cyst has material from which tracts?
Respiratory and gastro-intestinal
In the lungs, how many orders of branches have developed after 24 weeks of gestation?
17
How many branches in the lung will develop after birth?
7
Pseudoglandular phase occur during which weeks?
From week 6 to 16
Canalicular phase occur during which weeks?
From week 16 to 26
Terminal saccular occur during which weeks?
From week 26 to 32
Alveolar phase occur during which weeks?
From week 32 to 8th year
At which phase is there no gas exchange
Pseudoglandular phase
What structures develop during the canalicular phase?
Bronchioles, alveolar ducts, terminal saccules
Type II cells increase and surfactant secretion is a sign of which phase?
Terminal saccular
Surfactant deficiency lasts until week…?
How is this deficiency corrected?
Lasts until last 4-6 weeks of pregnancy
Correction with antenatal steroid
What is the Potter Syndrome?
No excretion of amniotic fluid that goes to the developing lungs
Failure of bronchial mesenchyme
Dysplastic bronchial cartilage collapses during expiration
Hyperinflation
… are a sign of what?
Congenital lobar emphysema
Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation is characterized by what?
Arrest development in pseudoglandular phase
Overgrowth of terminal bronchioles with deficiency of alveoli
Segments are adenomatoid (cystic & glandular)
How do we call the phenomena of non-functional, normal, masses of lung tissue that are not connected to tracheobronchial tree
Pulmonary sequestration
What is congenital diaphragmatic hernia?
Organs end up up in the diaphragm, leading to lung hypoplasia
