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Block B: Respiratory System > Normal lung function > Flashcards

Normal lung function Flashcards

1
Q

During which phase of respiration do we have negative pleural pressure, negative flow, negative alveolar pressure but growing air air volume in the lung?

A

Inspiration

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2
Q

What does FRC mean?

A

Functional residual capacity: the volume of air present in the lung after a passive expiration

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3
Q

What is IRV?

A

Inspiratory reserve volume: the volume of air that can be forcibly inspired after the tidal volume is expired

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4
Q

What is ERV?

A

Expiratory reserve volume: the volume of air that can be forcibly expelled after the tidal volume is inspired

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5
Q

What is the instrument that measures change in volume in an organ (or the whole body)

A

Plethysmograph

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6
Q

Variation of volume on variation of pressure indicates what?

A

Compliance level

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7
Q

You can measure pleural pressure with what instrument?

A

Cathameter

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8
Q

What are the two determinants of compliance?

A

Tissue forces

Surface tension

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9
Q

What increases lung tissue force?

A

When lung scarring occurs (fibrosis)

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10
Q

Does emphysema increases lung tissue force?

A

No. Emphysema happens when the parenchymal architecture is destroyed

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11
Q

What does pulmonary sufractant do?

A

Lowers surface tension to ease inflation/deflation of lungs

Promotes alveolar stability

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12
Q

Does pressure increase with tension?

A

Yes

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13
Q

What are the three determinants of RV (residual lung volume)?

A

Limit of chest wall
Obstruction while emptying the lungs
Limit of expiratory force

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14
Q

Lung and chest wall recoil inwards. This is a sign of…

A

Reaching TLC (total lung capacity)

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15
Q

Lung recoils inward and chest all recoils outward. This is a sign of…

A

Reaching residual lung volume (RV) and the end of functional residual capacity (FRC)

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16
Q

Which is more compliant: the bottom or upper part of the lung?

A

Bottom

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17
Q

What is the quantity of gas that ends up in anatomical dead space during inspiration?

A

150ml

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18
Q

Of the minute ventilation, what percentage ends up at the alveoli and what percentage ends up in the dead space?

A

70% is the alveolar ventilation

30% is the dead space ventilation

19
Q

In the body, that is water vapour pressure?

A

47mmHg

20
Q

What happens during hypoventilation?

A

Alveolar ventilation is too low:
1- Increase PACO2
2- Increase H+ in blood: respiratory acidosis

21
Q

What happens during hyperventilation

A

Alveolar ventilation too high:
1- Decreased PACO2
2- Decrease H+ in blood: respiratory alkalosis

22
Q

Is the ventilation greatest at the bottom or the top of the lung? Why?

A

At the bottom: pleural pressure is less negative at the bottom

23
Q

Increased respiratory workload can be caused by 3 factors. What are they?

A

Increased resistance
Decreased compliance
Deformed chest wall

24
Q

Lung fibrosis leads to…

A

decreased compliance

25
Q

Give two sickness that lead to deformed chest wall

A

Kyphoscoliosis

Kyphosis

26
Q

Respiratory failure, type 1 is

A

decreased PaO2

27
Q

Respiratory failure, type 2 is

A

increased PaCO2

28
Q

Give the trajectory of deoxygenated blood coming from the body

A

Superior & inferior vena cava
Right atrium
Right ventricle
Lungs

29
Q

Give the trajectory of oxygenated blood coming from the lungs

A 
Pulmonary veins
Left atrium
Left ventricle
Ascending aorta
Rest of the body
30
Q

The pulmonary arteries carry what?

A

Deoxygenated blood

31
Q

The pulmonary veins carry what?

A

Oxygenated blood

32
Q

Bronchial arteries carry what?

A

Oxygenated blood

33
Q

Bronchial veins carry what?

A

Deoxygenated blood

34
Q

Which has the higher pressure: pulmonary circulation or systemic circulation?

A

Pulmonary circulation

35
Q

In the regional flow of lungs, which zone corresponds to PA>Pa>PV

A

Zone 1

36
Q

In the regional flow of lungs, which zone corresponds to Pa>PA>PV

A

Zone 2

37
Q

In the regional flow of lungs, which zone corresponds to Pa>PV>PA

A

Zone 3

38
Q

Zone 1 occurs where in the lungs?

A

At the top of the lung

39
Q

With hypoxia (low PAO2), the pulmanory vessels will…

A

constrict. This is accentuated by a low pH

40
Q

Gas exchange flux increases with hydrostatic pressure but decreases with…

A

oncotic pressure

41
Q

What is pleural effusion?

A

Fluid accumulation in the pleura

42
Q

What is the definition of obstruction?

A

FV1/FVC low ratio

43
Q

What is the definition of restriction?

A

Low TLC

Block B: Respiratory System (9 decks)

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