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Block B: Respiratory System > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is called the fibrous tissue that connects muscle to bone?

A

Tendon

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2
Q

What is called the fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone?

A

Ligament

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3
Q

What is called the fibrous connective tissue the envelops structures?

A

Fascia

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4
Q

What is the term for the skeletal opening/hole?

A

Foramen

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5
Q

What is the term for the skeletal shallow depression?

A

Fossa

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6
Q

What is the term for the skeletal small flat articular surface?

A

Facet

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7
Q

What is the term for the skeletal round small nodule/outgrowth for articulation or muscle attachment?

A

Tubercle

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8
Q

What is the term for a rough projection on a skeletal surface?

A

Tuberosity

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9
Q

What is the term for the skeletal round prominence at the end of a bone, often for articulation?

A

Condyle

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10
Q

What is the term for the round projection above a condyle serving as a surface for ligament/tendon?

A

Epicondyle

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11
Q

What is called the angle at the ventral-caudal position of the thoracic cage?

A

The infrasternal angle

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12
Q

What are the alternative names of the superior and inferior thoracic aperture?

A

Superior: thoracic inlet
Inferior: thoracic outlet

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13
Q

What are the “true” ribs?

A

Ribs #1-7. They are directly attached to the sternum

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14
Q

What are the “false” ribs?

A

Ribs #8-10. They have indirect insertion to the sternum.

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15
Q

What are the floating ribs?

A

Ribs #11-12. They have no insertion

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16
Q

Starting from the posterior, what are the portion of a normal rib?

A

Head, neck, tubercle with articular facet, costal angle, costal groove, body of the rib, costal cartilage

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17
Q

What are the three articular surfaces of the rib?

A

Costal cartilage
Head of rib
Tubercle

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18
Q

The head of the rib usually articulates with two vertebras at the same type. Where on the vertebras?

A

At the costovertebral joints

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19
Q

Rib 4 interacts with which vertebras?

A

T-4 and T-3

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20
Q

Which ribs are atypical?

A

Rib 1, 2, 10, 11 & 12

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21
Q

Why is rib 1 atypical?

A

Short, flat & horizontally oriented
No costal groove, but has posterior groove for subclavian vein and artery
Articulates only with T-1

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22
Q

Why is rib 2 atypical?

A

Like rib 1, it is smaller

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23
Q

Why is rib 10 atypical?

A

Only articulates with T-10

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24
Q

Why are ribs 11 and 12 atypical?

A

Only articulates with T-11 and T-12 (respectively)
Short
No tubercle or neck

25
Q

The sternum is composed of three bones. What are they?

A

Manubrium (top)
Body of sternum
Ziphoid process (bottom)

26
Q

Where does the manubrium meets the body of sternum, and what rib is attached there?

A

At the manubriosternal joint. Rib 2 is attached there.

27
Q

What do we call the place where the body of sternum meets the Xiphoid process?

A

The Xiphisternal joint

28
Q

From which spinal nerve(s) do the phrenic nerves come from?

A

C3, C4 and C5

29
Q

The fibre of an intercostal muscle goes from posterior-superior to anterior-inferior. Which one is it?

A

External intercostal muscles

30
Q

The external intercostal muscles do what?

A

Elevate ribs for respiration

31
Q

What is the fiber direction of the internal intercostal muscles?

A

Anterior, superior

32
Q

The fiber direction of an intercostal muscle is anterior superior. Which muscle(s) is it?

A

Internal intercostal muscles or

Innermost intercostal muscles

33
Q

The transversus thoracis is a muscle that links…

A

The body of sternum and xiphoid process to the 2-6 ribs

34
Q

What does the transversus thoracis do?

A

Depresses ribs

35
Q

Where on the rib do the neurovascular supplies are found?

A

On the costal groove

36
Q

From the rib to the center of the intercostal muscle, what are the neurovascular supplies?

A

Intercostal vein
Intercostal artery
Intercostal nerve

37
Q

The thoracic aorta is on the right or left of the body of sternum?

A

Left

38
Q

Musculophrenic arteries are found below which rib?

A

Rib 7

39
Q

The hemiazygos and azygos veins drains blood directly into…

A

The superior vena cava

40
Q

The dermatome of the nipple is at the level of which rib?

A

T4

41
Q

The xiphoid process is at the level of which rib?

A

T6

42
Q

The umbilicus is at the level of which rib?

A

T10

43
Q

The mediastinal pleura is between what and what?

A

The lungs and the heart

44
Q

The pleural costal cavity is between what and what?

A

The lungs and the ribs

45
Q

Which pleura is insensitive to pain and why?

A

The visceral pleura, because it is linked to the autonomous nervous system

46
Q

Impressions left on the right lung are caused by what?

A

Esophagus
Superior vena cava
Azygos vein

47
Q

Impressions left on the left lung are caused by what?

A

Bottom part of the esophagus

Aorta (and heart)

48
Q

What is the carina?

A

The separation between the primary bronchi

49
Q

What is the tertiary bronchi repartition for the right lung?

A

Superior lobe: 3
Middle lobe: 2
Inferior lobe: 5

50
Q

What is the tertiary bronchi repartition for the left lung?

A

Superior lobe: 5

Inferior lobe: 5

51
Q

From front to back, what are the vessel that enter the right lung at the hilum?

A

Vein
Artery
Bronchus

52
Q

From bottom to top, what are the vessel that enter the left lung at the hilum?

A

Vein
Bronchus
Artery

53
Q

Between which ribs are found the carina?

A

T-4 and T-5

54
Q

Along the mid-clavicular line, which ribs are found at the superior lobe?

A

Between rib 1 and 2

55
Q

Along the mid-clavicular line, which rib is found at the middle lobe?

A

Below rib 4

56
Q

Along the mid-clavicular line, which rib is found at the inferior lobe?

A

Below rib 6

57
Q

Along the mid-axiliary line, which rib is found at the horizontal fissure

A

Rib 5

58
Q

Along the mid-axiliary line, which ribs are found at the oblique fissure?

A

Crossing rib 5 and rib 4

Block B: Respiratory System (9 decks)

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