Dernière chance

Question 1

Goblet cells are found where and secrete what?

Answer 1

At epithelium and secrete mucinogen

Question 2

Small cell produces what to vasodilate?

Answer 2

Serotonin

Question 3

Small cell produces what to vasoconstricts?

Answer 3

Epinephrine

Question 4

Esophageal atresia is seen with polyhydramnios. True or false?

Answer 4

True

Question 5

What is fistula?

Answer 5

Trachea merge with bronchus

Question 6

Two characteristics of bronchopulmonary cyst?

Answer 6

Cyst near mediastinum

Prone to infection

Question 7

What is Potter syndrome?

Answer 7

No kidneys, no amniotic fluid, hence, lung hypoplasia

Question 8

Low lecithin-sphingomyelin ratio is a sign of what?

Answer 8

Lack of surfactant detected before birth

Question 9

Lack of surfactant in a not yet born child can be correct by what?

Answer 9

By giving steroid to the mother

Question 10

During formation of the bronchi, cartilage is not form. This leads to what, and what is the name of the disease?

Answer 10

Congenital Lobar Emphesyma:

Bronchi collapse during expiration and the gas trapped leads to hyperinflation (treatment to ressection of lobe)

Question 11

What is congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM)?

Answer 11

Parts of lung stopped developping during pseudoglandular period
There’s no communication between terminal bronchioles and alveolar capillaries
Often asymptomatic

Question 12

What is the mutated gene in Charge syndrome?

Answer 12

CHD7

Question 13

Characteristics of Charge syndrome?

Answer 13

Autosomal dominant
Airway disease
Polyhydramnios
One form of atresia

Question 14

Characteristics of Pompe disease (glycogenosis 2)

Answer 14

Autosomal recessive
Prone to infection
Muscular disease
Requires enzyme replacement therapy

Question 15

Variation of pressure/Resistance = ?

Answer 15

Flow

Question 16

Diseases with low diffusion capacities?

Answer 16

Emphysema
Interstitial lung disease
Pulmonary vascular disease
Anemia

Question 17

Diseases with high diffusion capacities?

Answer 17

Asthma

Question 18

How to calculate pulmonary vascular resistance?

Answer 18

(Pulm. Art. rpessure - Pulm. Left atrium pressure)/2.6mmHg

Question 19

How to calculate systemic vascular resistance?

Answer 19

(Aorta pressure - Right atrium pressure)/19.6mmHg

Question 20

Rate ratio?

Answer 20

Incidence rate in expoxed
_____________
Incidence rate in unexposed

Question 21

Incidence rate?

Answer 21

Number of event/person-rate

Question 22

Risk ratio?

Answer 22

Cumulative incidence in exposed
_________
Cumulative incidence in unexposed

Question 23

Hazard ratio?

Answer 23

Time to event in exposed
___________
Time to event in unexposed

Question 24

Attributable risk?

Answer 24

Incidence in exposed - Incidence in unexposed

Question 25

Attributable fraction?

Answer 25

Attributable risk ___________ Incidence in exposed

Question 26

What is cardiogenic pulmonary edema?

Answer 26

Heart attack leading to fluid not being pumped and going back to pulmonary circulation

Question 27

3 types of edema?

Answer 27

Insterstitial pulmonary edema Alveolar pulmonary edema Cardiogenic pulmonary edema

Question 28

What is interstitial pulmonary edema?

Answer 28

Fluid between alveolar epithelium and capillary endothelium

Question 29

What is alveolar pulmonary edema?

Answer 29

When interstitial pulm. edema give rise to too much pressure | Rupture of alveolar epithelium and alveoli is flooded

Question 30

What type of neurons do you find in the dorsal respiratory group?

Answer 30

Nucleus of the tractus solitatus (diaphragm)

Question 31

What type of neurons do you find in the ventral respiratory group?

Answer 31

Retrotrapezoid nucleus (botzinger and pre-botzinger complexes)

Question 32

Low O2 is sensed by what? In where?

Answer 32

By glomus cells, in the carotid body

Question 33

High CO2 is sensed by what?

Answer 33

Retrotrapeizoid nucleus, at the botzinger complexes

Question 34

High amount of eosinophils is a sign of what?

Answer 34

Asthma

Question 35

What causes alpha-1 antitrypsin defficiency?

Answer 35

Panlobular emphysema

Question 36

What is linked to a mutation of the CFTR channel?

Answer 36

Cystic fibrosis

Question 37

Examples of non-parenchymal insterstitual lung disease?

Answer 37

Alveolar pulmonary disease | Sarcoidosis

Question 38

Alveolar airspace edema and lymphocytes in septae are signs of which parenchymal interstitial lung disease?

Answer 38

Acute/Diffuse ILD

Question 39

Granuloma non necrotizing and Kerley B lines are signs of what?

Answer 39

Sarcoidosis

Question 40

Fibrosis Patchy Air bronchograms are signs of parenchymal interstitial lung disease?

Answer 40

Cryptogenic/Organizing

Question 41

What is Pancoast syndrome, and what is it a sign of?

Answer 41

Pain in arm/hand because tumor at apex of lung press on brachial plexus

Question 42

Horner's syndrome is a sign of what?

Answer 42

Of cancer!!

Question 43

Lymphocytes infiltrate Cytamegalovirus are signs of which pattern pulmonary pneumonia?

Answer 43

Interstitial

Question 44

Staphylococcus Aureus Empyema (pus) in pleural space are signs of which pattern pulmonary pneumonia?

Answer 44

Patchy

Question 45

Outflow of liquid into the airspace is a sign of which pattern pulmonary pneumonia?

Answer 45

Diffuse: pneumococcus

Question 46

``` Infection of airways No bronchograms Necrosis Empyema in pleural space are signs of which pneumonia ```

Answer 46

Staphylococcus

Question 47

Edema at full lobe Can't spread to other lobes Diffuse pattern are signs of which pneumonia?

Answer 47

Streptococcus

Question 48

Green sputum. Which pneumonia?

Answer 48

Pseudomonas

Question 49

Which cancers show hypercalcemia?

Answer 49

All the non small cell cancers: Squamous Adenomacarcinoma Mesothelioma

Question 50

Mucin production is a sign of which cancer?

Answer 50

Adenomacarcinoma

Question 51

Cushing Present at hilum are signs of which cancer?

Answer 51

Small cell

Question 52

Congenital disease Empyema: pus in the pleura Pneumothorax What is it?

Answer 52

Pulmonary sequestration

Question 53

Mutation of FGFR3 may lead to what?

Answer 53

Thanatophoric dysplasia Achondroplasia (remember what are those?)

Question 54

On airflow/lung volume tab restrictive disease shifts the curve how?

Answer 54

To the right, down

Question 55

On airflow/lung volume tab obstructive disease shifts the curve how?

Answer 55

To the left, down

Question 56

(2 x Tension)/radius =

Answer 56

Pressure

Question 57

At FRC, which part of the lung fill more easily?

Answer 57

Bottom will inflate first

Question 58

At RV, which part of the lung fill more easily?

Answer 58

Top will inflate first