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ENT > Pathology > Flashcards

Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What is otitis media?

A

Inflammation of the middle ear

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2
Q

Otitis media is usually bacterial/viral

A

Viral

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3
Q

What is cholesteatoma?

A

When there is keratinising squamous epithelium in the middle ear

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4
Q

Vestibular schwannomas are associated with what nerve?

A

Vestibular portion of CN VIII

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5
Q

If a young person has bilateral vestibular schwannomas what diagnosis should be considered?

A

Neurofibromatosis type II

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6
Q

A nasal polyp in children is rare and a sign of what condition?

A

Cystic fibrosis

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7
Q

What vasculitic condition can affect the nose?

A

GPA

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8
Q

What is the commonest malignant tumour of the nose in the UK?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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9
Q

What is nasopharyngeal carcinoma associated with?

A

EBV and nitrosamines in food

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10
Q

What can cause a laryngeal polyp?

A

Vocal abuse
Infection
Smoking

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11
Q

Contact ulcers of the larynx commonly affect which profession?

A

Singers

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12
Q

Squamous cell papilloma is associated with exposure to which types of HPV?

A

HPV (types 6 and 11)

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13
Q

A chromaffin positive paraganglioma is above/below the diaphragm and vice-versa

A

Below

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14
Q

Paragangliomas are rare but can occur as part of what syndrome?

A

MEN2

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15
Q

What are the main causes of squamous cell carcinoma in the head and neck?

A

Smoking
Sunlight
Alcohol
HPV exposure

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16
Q

What type of HPV is known to cause squamous cell carcinoma?

A

Type 16

17
Q

How is squamous cell carcinoma graded?

A

Tumour
Nodes
Metastases

18
Q

A tumour in a smaller salivary gland is more/less likely to be malignant

A

More

19
Q

Are malignant salivary tumours painful?

A

Yes

20
Q

What are the commonest benign salivary gland tumours?

A

Pleomorphic adenoma

Warthin’s tumour

21
Q

What is the commonest malignant salivary gland tumour in the UK?

A

Adenoid cystic carcinoma

ENT (14 decks)

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