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ENT > Adenotonsillar Disease > Flashcards

Adenotonsillar Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What are some functions of the adenoids and tonsils?

A

Trap bacteria and viruses
Produce antibodies
Prime immune system

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2
Q

What is Waldeyer’s ring comprised of?

A

Tubal tonsil
Palatine tonsil
Lingual tonsil
Pharyngeal tonsil

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3
Q

Acute tonsillitis is usually viral/bacterial

A

Viral

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4
Q

What is the most important bacterial pathogen in acute tonsillitis?

A

GABHS

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5
Q

Are throat swabs indicated in acute tonsillitis?

A

No

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6
Q

What are the commonest causative organisms of bacterial tonsillitis?

A

Strep pyogenes
H. influenzae
Staph aureus
Strep pneumoniae

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7
Q

In viral/bacterial tonsillitis, one is able to go about their daily life

A

Viral

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8
Q

What are the variables in the centor criteria?

A

Fever
Exudates
Tender anterior lymphadenopathy
No cough

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9
Q

How is tonsillitis with a low centor criteria treated?

A

Supportive - rest and paracetamol

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10
Q

What antibiotics are used to treat tonsillitis?

A

Penicillin (500mg qid for 10 days)

Clarithromycin if pen-allergic

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11
Q

What may be given if antibiotics do not work in acute tonsillitis?

A

Steroids

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12
Q

How many episodes of tonsillitis are required in a year before being considered for tonsillectomy?

A

7

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13
Q

What occurs in peritonsilar abscess (quinsy)?

A

Bacteria between muscle and tonsil produce pus

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14
Q

What are the symptoms of peritonsilar abscess?

A

Unilateral throat pain
Odynophagia
Trismus

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15
Q

What is the cause of glandular fever?

A

EBV

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16
Q

Give some signs and symptoms of glandular fever

A

Tonsillar enlargement
Cervical lymphadenopathy
Hepatosplenomegaly

17
Q

How is glandular fever diagnosed?

A

Atypical lymphocytes in peripheral blood

EBV IgM in blood

18
Q

What is glue ear?

A

Inflammation of the middle ear accompanied by accumulation of fluid without symptoms/signs of acute inflammation

19
Q

What is acute otitis media?

A

Inflammation of the middle ear with symptoms and signs of acute inflammation

20
Q

What is thought to be the cause of otitis media with effusion?

A

Eustachian tube isn’t working as well causing negative pressure in middle ear that drives fluid in

21
Q

What is the main symptom of otits media with effusion?

A

Hearing loss

22
Q

What are the symptoms of acute otitis media?

A

Earache/fever/irritability

23
Q

What investigations are done to diagnose OME/AOM?

A

Otoscopy
Tuning fork tests
Audiometry
Tympanometry

24
Q

What are signs of OME on otoscopy?

A

Tympanic membrane retraction

Altered colour

25
Q

How long should one wait before referring in OME?

A

3 months

26
Q

What is the treatment for OME?

A

Grommets

Adenoidectomy

ENT (14 decks)

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