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ENT > Clinical Anatomy of the Ear > Flashcards

Clinical Anatomy of the Ear Flashcards

1
Q

What is the thinnest part of the skull?

A

Pterion

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2
Q

What is the pterion a suture between?

A

Frontal, parietal, temporal and sphenoid bones

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3
Q

What bones are found in the anterior cranial fossa?

A

Frontal, ethmoid and sphenoid

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4
Q

What bones are found in the middle cranial fossa?

A

Sphenoid and temporal

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5
Q

What bones are found in the posterior cranial fossa?

A

Temporal and occipital

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6
Q

Identify each of the base of skull foraminae

A
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7
Q

What is the only part of the anterior cranial fossa where a nerve passes through?

A

Cribiform plate of ethmoid

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8
Q

Which nerves pass through the superior orbital fissure?

A

CNs III, IV, V1 and VI

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9
Q

CN V2 passes though what base of skull foramen?

A

Foramen rotundum

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10
Q

CN V3 passes though which base of skull foramen?

A

Foramen ovale

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11
Q

Which cranial nerves pass through the internal acoustic meatus?

A

CNs VII and VIII

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12
Q

CNs IX, X and XI all pass through which base of skull foramen?

A

Jugular foramen

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13
Q

Which cranial nerve passes through the hypoglossal canal?

A

CN XII

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14
Q

What are the borders of the external ear?

A

Auricle to tympanic membrane

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15
Q

What are the borders of the middle ear?

A

Tympanic membrane to oval window (including eustachian tube)

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16
Q

What are the borders of the internal ear?

A

Oval window to internal acoustic meatus

17
Q

Most of the auricle is supplied by which nerves?

A

C2/C3 spinal nerves

18
Q

Which nerves supply the external acoustic meatus?

A

CN V3 superiorly

CN X inferiorly

19
Q

The skeleton of the external ear is formed from which bone?

A

Temporal bone

20
Q

To examine the tympanic membrane in a child, the auricle should be pulled posterosuperiorly/posteroinferiorly and in an adult posterosuperiorly/posteroinferiorly

A

Child - posteroinferiorly

Adult - posterosuperiorly

21
Q

What nerves supply sensory innervation to the tympanic membrane?

A

External surface - CN V3

Internal surface - CN IX

22
Q

Identify the bones of the middle ear

A
23
Q

The epitympanic recess is superior/posterior and the tympanic cavity proper is superior/posterior to the tympanic membrane

A

Epitympanic recess - superior

Tympanic cavity proper - posterior

24
Q

What does the eustachian tube connect?

A

Tympanic cavity proper to nasopharynx

25
Q

What is the aditus?

A

Opening in epitympanic recess that connects to mastoid antrum

26
Q

The facial nerve travels directly from the CNS to what structure?

A

Internal acoustic meatus

27
Q

The facial nerve gives off the chorda tympani before it moves through which structure?

A

Stylomastoid foramen

28
Q

Once the facial nerve has given off the chorda tympani it is purely somatic motor/sensory and supplies muscles of facial expression/mastication

A

Motor

Facial expression

29
Q

What nerve controls the inner ear?

A

Vestibulocochlear

30
Q

Which branches of the vestibulocochlear nerve control hearing and balance?

A

Cochlear nerve - hearing

Vestibular nerve - balance

31
Q

What are the spaces within otic capsules called?

A

Bony labyrinths

32
Q

What do bony labyrinths contain?

A

Perilymph fluid

33
Q

What is suspended within perilymph fluid?

A

Membranous labyrinth containing endolymph fluid

34
Q

What structure sends APs to the brainstem via the cochlear nerve?

A

Cochlear duct

35
Q

What structure within semicircular canals sends APs to the brainstem via the vestibular nerve?

A

Semicircular duct

36
Q

How does sound reach the brain?

A

Tympanic membrane vibrates causing stapes base to vibrate creating pressure waves in perilymph that causes hair cells in the cochlea to move stimulating APs that are conveyed to brain via cochlear nerve

ENT (14 decks)

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