Pathology 2 Flashcards
what type of epithelium lines the bladder
TRANSITIONAL stratified epithelium
what cells are on the surface of the bladder
umbrella cells (transitional epithelium underneath)
what lines the proximal and distal urethra
transitional epithelium
any disease effecting bladder can effect these too
what is cystitis
inflammation of the bladder (v common)
what are the rare forms of cystitis that are seen in the pathology lab
parasites and mycotic infection
aseptic
reactive
what type os schistosomiasis is seen in the bladder
haematobium (parasite that swims up urethra in water- lake Malawi)
how does schistosomiasis cause disease in the body
does not directly cause disease, damage is from the immune systems response against it
when does squamous cell carcinoma occur in the bladder
if there has been metaplasia change from transitional to squamous epithelium due to chronic inflammation
what type of carcinoma is most common in the bladder
transitional cell
what can cause chronic inflammation leading to metaplastic change in the bladder
-In-dwelling catheters - all the time
big problems in paraplegics who can’t feel the inflammation
what is asceptic (interstitial) cystitis
persistent UTI symptoms with persistently negative cultures/urinalysis
some inflammation sometimes but always negative cultures
what is cystitis cystic
descriptive term for a reactive phenomena when the infolding of the bladder mucosa appears like cysts
what is a bladder diverticular
out pouching of the bladder
complications of a bladder diverticular
things can get stuck in it eg:
- stagnant urine
- stones
- cancer
- infection
what happens to the badder in obstruction (often due to large prostate)
works harder to try get urine out - undergoes hypertrophy and hyperplasia and gets so big and thick it can’t work properly
(surface becomes trabeculated)
