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2 RENAL > Lower Urinary Tract Anatomy > Flashcards

Lower Urinary Tract Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

what does the lower urinary tract contain

A

the bladder

the urethra

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2
Q

what separated the true pelvis and the false pelvis

A

the pelvic inlet

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3
Q

what does the false pelvis contain

A

abdominal content- part of the abdominal cavity

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4
Q

what muscles makes up the pelvic floor

A

levator ani

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5
Q

where do the ureters pass through to get to the true pelvis

A

from the retroperitoneum into the false pelvis and down into the true pelvis

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6
Q

what are the borders of the true pelvis

A

between the pelvic inlet and pelvic floor

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7
Q

what sits in the pelvic cavity

A

the bladder

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8
Q

what passes through the levator ani into the perineum

A

urethra
alimentary structures
reproductive tracts

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9
Q

the ureters pass anterior/posterior to the common iliac vessels

A

anterior - along the lateral walls of the pelvic cavity

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10
Q

at what level do the ureters enter the bladder

A

level of the ischial spine

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11
Q

what direction do the ureters enter the bladder and why

A

inferomedially to prevent reflex of urine back into the ureters when the bladder contracts

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12
Q

does the ureter run inferiorly or superiorly to the uterine artery

A

inferiorly

‘water under the bridge’

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13
Q

does the ureter run inferiorly or superiorly to the vas deferens

A

inferiorly

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14
Q

what arteries enter the pelvis

A

branches of the internal iliac artery

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15
Q

what are the gonadal arteries

A

uterine and testicular arteries

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16
Q

in females what are the branches of the iliac artery passing through the pelvic cavity

A

uterine artery
middle rectal artery
rectal artery
vaginal artery

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17
Q

where do the veins in the pelvis drain into

A

internal iliac vein

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18
Q

where does the prostate sit in relation to the bladder

A

inferior

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19
Q

what are the 2 uretic orifices

A

where the ureters enter the bladder on the posterior aspect of the internal bladder

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20
Q

what is the ‘trigone’

A

a triangular shape on the internal aspect of the bladder (base and floor)

the 3 corners are made up of the 2 ureteric orifices and the urethral orifice

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21
Q

what is the internal urethral orifice

A

where the urethra leaves the bladder

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22
Q

where does the urethra go after leaving the bladder - males

A

through the prostate gland down through the pelvic floor into the perineum

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23
Q

what is the internal urethral spinchter

A

around the opening of the urethral orifices - only seen in males as it contracts during ejaculation to prevent retrograde ejaculation of semen back into the bladder

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24
Q

what muscles forms the main bulk of the bladder wall

A

detrusor muscle

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25
Q

how do detrusor muscle fibres contribute to the prevention of reflux of urine superiorly into the ureter

A

muscle fibres encircle the orifices and tighten when the bladder contracts

26
Q

what is the most anterior organ in the pelvis (directly posterior to pubic bone)

A

the bladder (empty)

27
Q

where does the uterus lie in relation to the bladder

A

superiorly - therefore most of the weight of the uterus is borne by the bladder

28
Q

what separates the bladder and the uterus

A

uterovesical pouch

29
Q

what separates the bladder and rectum in males

A

rectovesical pouch

30
Q

where does the empty bladder lie

A

within the pelvis

peritoneum covers its superior surface

31
Q

where does the full bladder lie

A

extends out of the pelvis - superior part lies superior to pubic bone - into false pelvis

peritoneum still only covered it superior surface

32
Q

what are the 2 routes of catheterisation

A

urethral

suprapubic - through anterior abdominal wall and avoiding the peritoneal cavity

33
Q

how long is the female urethral

A

4 cm long

34
Q

how long is the male urethra

A

20cm long

35
Q

what path does the urethra take in females

A

from the internal urethral orifice down through the levator ani muscle into the perineum via the external urethral spinchter out through the external urethral orifice

36
Q

what is the external urethral sphincter

A

skeletal muscle circularly arranged around the urethra

37
Q

what path does the urethra take in males

A

internal urethral orifice

through the internal urethral spinchter

through the prostate gland (prostatic urethra)

through the external urethral sphincter (voluntary)

through the penis (spongy urethra) within corpus sponiosum

out via the external urethral orifice

38
Q

what is the path taken by the vas deferens

A

from the testes but through the right inguinal canal, along the top of the bladder down through the right seminal gland, through the right ejaculatory duct into the urethra

then follows path of urether

39
Q

where do the testes decent from/to during embryological development

A

they descend from the posterior abdomen into the scrotum via the inguinal canal

40
Q

what is the spermatic cord

A

a collection of structures which support the functioning of the testes

  • testicular artery
  • testicular vein/ pampiform plexus
  • vas deferens
  • lymphatic vessels draining testes
  • nerves
41
Q

what to the testes sit within inside the scrotum

A

they sit within the tunica vaginalis

42
Q

why are there 2 layers of the tunica vaginalis

A

there is a parietal layer and a visceral layer bc:

it is like a balloon with the testes pressing into it causing it to surround the,

43
Q

what is a hydrocele

A

abnormal fluid in the tunica vaginalis

44
Q

what is testicular torsion

A

twisting of the spermatic cord which cuts off blood supply to the testes causes:

  • severe pain
  • danger of testicular necrosis
45
Q

what is the deep inguinal ring

A

entrance to inguinal canal

46
Q

what travels though the deep inguinal ring

A

testicular artery
testicular vein
vas deferens
lymphatics and nerves

47
Q

where is the epididymis palpates

A

at the posterior aspect of the testes

48
Q

where is the vas deferens palpated

A

within the spermatic cord within the scrotum superior to the testes

feels like thick piece of string

49
Q

where does the right gonadal vein drain

A

inferior vena cava

50
Q

where does the left gonadal vein drain

A

renal vein then IVC

51
Q

Where in the testes does sperm production happen

A

seminiferous tubules - travels then to the epididymis to be stored then passed into vas deferens

52
Q

where does the vas deferens enter the urethra

A

ejactulatory duct

53
Q

where do the glandular secretions of the prostate drain into

A

drain into the prostatic urethra

54
Q

how is the prostate examined

A

PR exam

55
Q

what part of the prostate is felt on PR exam

A

the peripheral zone of the prostate - this is the area where most cancers arise

56
Q

what 3 cylinders make up the erectile tissue of the penis

A

right and left corpus cavernous

corpus spngiosum

57
Q

what happens to these 3 cylinders during erection

A

they become engorged with blood

58
Q

what vessels give blood supply to the penis

A

deep arteries of the penis - branches of the internal pudenal artery

59
Q

what vessels give blood supply to the scrotum

A

the internal pudenal and branches from the external iliac artery

60
Q

where does lymph from the scrotum and most of the penis (not glands) drain

A

superficial inguinal lymph nodes (in superficial fascia in the groin)

61
Q

where does lymph from the testes drain

A

lumbar nodes around the abdominal aorta

2 RENAL (20 decks)

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