Embryology

Question 1

What is the first kidney like structure to form

Answer 1

pronephros

Question 2

what does the pronephros arise from

Answer 2

intermediate mesoderm

Question 3

what is the second structure to form (after pronephros)

Answer 3

mesonephros

Question 4

pronephros is functional as a kidney true/false

Answer 4

false

mesonephros is the first functional structure

Question 5

what happens to the pronephros and the mesonephros begins to form

Answer 5

it almost completely disintegrates disintegrates

Question 6

what makes the mesonephros functional

Answer 6

it has blood supply from branches of the aorta

it attaches to cloaca at the bottom so can start to produce urine

it starts forming 2 capsules that look like kidneys

Question 7

what structure forms after the mesonephros

Answer 7

metanephros

Question 8

what are the metanephric ducts

Answer 8

ducts that begin to grow out of the cloaca and grow up the way

Question 9

what does left over mesonephros give rise to in males

Answer 9

testes

Question 10

what is the mesonephric blastoma

Answer 10

tissue from the mesonephros

Question 11

what does the metanephric duct form

Answer 11

the ureters (meTa, ureTer)

Question 12

what does the mesonephric blastoma form

Answer 12

the kidney

Question 13

when does formation of the structures inside the kidneys start

Answer 13

when the ureteric duct on the end of the metanephric blastoma enters the mesonephric blastoma/mesenchyme

Question 14

what does the metanephric duct give rise to

Answer 14

nephron

Question 15

what does the ureteric bud give rise to

Answer 15

ureter, renal pelvis, major calyx, minor calyx and 1-3 million collecting ducts

Question 16

what agenesis

Answer 16

when a kidney fails to develop

Question 17

cause of agenesis

Answer 17

ureteric but does not fuse with the metanephric mesenchyme

Question 18

what are the 4 parts of the nephron

Answer 18

Bowmans capsule
Proximal convoluted tubule
Loop of Henle
Distal convoluted tube

Question 19

where do the kidneys ascent to/from

Answer 19

from the pelvis to L1

Question 20

what is the blood supply to the kidneys before/after ascent

Answer 20

before - common iliac

after - renal accessory

Question 21

what is a pelvic kidney

Answer 21

congenital abnormality where one kidney fails to ascent

Question 22

what is a horse shoe kidney

Answer 22

congenital abnormality where the inferior poles of the kidneys fuse, and they can’t ascent upwards because they get trapped under the inferior mesenteric artery

Question 23

what is the cloaca

Answer 23

developmental structure which gives rise to the urogenital sinus and rectum

Question 24

what does the urogenital sinus give rise to

Answer 24

bladder
pelvic urethra
male/female reproductive organs

Question 25

what connects the bladder to the umbilicus and why

Answer 25

Allantois

so that the foetus can produce urine which contributes to the amniotic fluid

Question 26

what congenital abnormalities can arise in the bladder

Answer 26

Urachal fistula (convection between bladder and umbilicus)

Urachal cysts (cysts where connection to umbilicus was

Urachal sinus (opening at bladder wall)

Question 27

what is the cloaca

Answer 27

developmental structure which gives rise to the urogenital sinus and rectum

Question 28

what does the urogenital sinus give rise to

Answer 28

bladder
pelvic urethra
male/female reproductive organs

Question 29

what connects the bladder to the umbilicus and why

Answer 29

Allantois

so that the foetus can produce urine which contributes to the amniotic fluid

Question 30

what congenital abnormalities can arise in the bladder

Answer 30

Urachal fistula (convection between bladder and umbilicus)

Urachal cysts (cysts where connection to umbilicus was

Urachal sinus (opening at bladder wall)