Embryology Flashcards
What is the first kidney like structure to form
pronephros
what does the pronephros arise from
intermediate mesoderm
what is the second structure to form (after pronephros)
mesonephros
pronephros is functional as a kidney true/false
false
mesonephros is the first functional structure
what happens to the pronephros and the mesonephros begins to form
it almost completely disintegrates disintegrates
what makes the mesonephros functional
it has blood supply from branches of the aorta
it attaches to cloaca at the bottom so can start to produce urine
it starts forming 2 capsules that look like kidneys
what structure forms after the mesonephros
metanephros
what are the metanephric ducts
ducts that begin to grow out of the cloaca and grow up the way
what does left over mesonephros give rise to in males
testes
what is the mesonephric blastoma
tissue from the mesonephros
what does the metanephric duct form
the ureters (meTa, ureTer)
what does the mesonephric blastoma form
the kidney
when does formation of the structures inside the kidneys start
when the ureteric duct on the end of the metanephric blastoma enters the mesonephric blastoma/mesenchyme
what does the metanephric duct give rise to
nephron
what does the ureteric bud give rise to
ureter, renal pelvis, major calyx, minor calyx and 1-3 million collecting ducts
what agenesis
when a kidney fails to develop
cause of agenesis
ureteric but does not fuse with the metanephric mesenchyme
what are the 4 parts of the nephron
Bowmans capsule
Proximal convoluted tubule
Loop of Henle
Distal convoluted tube
where do the kidneys ascent to/from
from the pelvis to L1
what is the blood supply to the kidneys before/after ascent
before - common iliac
after - renal accessory
what is a pelvic kidney
congenital abnormality where one kidney fails to ascent
what is a horse shoe kidney
congenital abnormality where the inferior poles of the kidneys fuse, and they can’t ascent upwards because they get trapped under the inferior mesenteric artery
what is the cloaca
developmental structure which gives rise to the urogenital sinus and rectum
what does the urogenital sinus give rise to
bladder
pelvic urethra
male/female reproductive organs
what connects the bladder to the umbilicus and why
Allantois
so that the foetus can produce urine which contributes to the amniotic fluid
what congenital abnormalities can arise in the bladder
Urachal fistula (convection between bladder and umbilicus)
Urachal cysts (cysts where connection to umbilicus was
Urachal sinus (opening at bladder wall)
what is the cloaca
developmental structure which gives rise to the urogenital sinus and rectum
what does the urogenital sinus give rise to
bladder
pelvic urethra
male/female reproductive organs
what connects the bladder to the umbilicus and why
Allantois
so that the foetus can produce urine which contributes to the amniotic fluid
what congenital abnormalities can arise in the bladder
Urachal fistula (convection between bladder and umbilicus)
Urachal cysts (cysts where connection to umbilicus was
Urachal sinus (opening at bladder wall)
