Pathology

Question 1

Infectious esophagus reasons

Answer 1

Mainly immunosuppressants

CMV (Red centered cells)

HSV (Herpes) (giant multinuclear cells)

Fungi

Question 2

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE)

Answer 2

Acute or chronic

Looks like GERD

Dysphagia

Eosinophils 15 or more (High powered field HPF)

Red rings in endoscopy

Allergic physiology

Question 3

Squamous carcinoma of esophagus

Answer 3

Upper 2/3 especially 2/3

Males > 45 years

Males x4

Question 4

Acute gastritis

Answer 4

Edema - erosions - bleeding

+/- small acute bleeding ulcers < 1cm

Neutrophils rich transudate

Question 5

Gastric tumors

Answer 5

Adenocarcinoma 90%
= Linitis plastica
= Brinton’s disease
= Bottle leather stomach

Signet ring cell carcinoma

Mucinous carcinoma

Question 6

Hypersensitivity types

Answer 6

Type I: reaction mediated by IgE antibodies.

Type II: cytotoxic reaction mediated by IgG or IgM antibodies.

Type III: reaction mediated by immune complexes.

Type IV: delayed reaction mediated by cellular response.