Pathogenesis

Question 1

What is viral pathogenesis?

Answer 1

The process by which viral infection leads to disease

Question 2

Are viruses mainly subclinical?

Answer 2

Yes

Question 3

Virulence

Answer 3

The relative harm compared to another closely related virus

Question 4

List host factors and environmental factors important to viral infections

Answer 4

1) effects of viral infection on cells
2) entry into the host
3) course of infection-1* or 2* replication or systemic spread
4) cell/tissue tropism
5) cell/tissue damage
6) host immune response
7) virus clearance/persistence

Question 5

Identify the courses of viral infection and possible outcomes

Answer 5

Acute: recovery with no reside effects; recovery with residue effects; death; proceed to chronic infection

Chronic/latent: silent subclinical infection for life; long silent period before disease; reactivation to cause acute disease; chronic disease with relapses and exacerbations; cancer

Question 6

Define primary replication, spread and secondary replication

Answer 6

1* is where the virus replicates after gaining initial entry into the host. this determines whether it’ll remain local or spread
Virus can spread in the blood stream and CNS
2*Happens after systemic spread

Question 7

1* viremia and titer

Answer 7

Low

Question 8

2* viremia and titer

Answer 8

High…important for arbovirus transmission and crossing of BBB

Question 9

Neural Spread via

Answer 9

centripetal/centrifugal

Question 10

Cellular pathogenesis and response to viral infection #3

Answer 10

1) no apparent change
2) death
3) transfomation

Question 11

Direct cell damage and cell death may result from:

Answer 11

1) Diversion of cell energy
2) shut off of cell macromolecular son
3) competition between viral mRNA and cellular ribosomes

Question 12

Indirect cell damage…

Answer 12

1) integration of viral genome
2) mutations in the host genome
3) inflammation
4) host immune response