Epidemiology Flashcards
What does viral epidemiology study?
Studies health and disease that occurs in a population or subpopulation. Deals with nature of disease, distribution, causation, mode of transfer, prevention and control.
What is incidence?
The number of new cases over a specific period of time.
What is prevalence?
The number of existing cases at a certain period of time.
What is elimination?
Eliminating the disease but the infectious agent is still there.
What is eradication?
Getting rid of the infectious agent all together.
What are horizontal modes of transmission?
Direct contact Indirect contact like fomites Common vehicles like contaminated food Airborne Vector-borne Iatrogenic like dirty instruments Nosocomial meaning from hospital Zoonotic
What is vertical transmission?
Anything related to birth: canal, eggs, milk, placenta crossing
Define Zoonosis
Disease that is transmitted between VERTEBRATE and man. can be direct or indirect through insect vector aka antropozoonosis.
What’s an arbovirus?
when an insect vector is involved AND the virus replicates in the vector.
Are all zoonotic viruses arboviral?
NO. Just because a virus may be mechanically transferred by vector doesn’t make it an arbovirus since the ivirus didn’t REPLICATE inside the vector.
What are viral patterns of disease?
1) Acute self limiting infection pattern
2) Persistent infection pattern
3) Vertical transmission pattern
4) Arthropod borne transmission pattern
What can affect these patterns of disease?
Seasonality and management practices
What is a notifiable disease?
A disease that makes it a statutory duty for vets to report.
What are some things required for surveillance of viral diseases?
We need the occurrence of clinical illness, sufficient severity to seek veterinary care, availability of veterinary care, capability of vets to even diagnose the illness, lab support of the diagnosis, reporting of disease to the health dept, finally: collection and analysis of data by health department.
Why do we need laboratory diagnosis?
To confirm our findings and to contribute to disease related statistics.
