Infectious Canine Hepatitis

Question 1

Which virus family?

Answer 1

Adenoviridae…Canine adenovirus 1. Important!!!

Question 2

Is this a DNA or RNA virus?

Answer 2

dsDNA

Question 3

Why is this virus able to stay in the environment?

Answer 3

Because it’s naked

Question 4

Does this virus make inclusion bodies?

Answer 4

Yep—intranuclear ones as well as large paracrystalline arrays

Question 5

What does this virus do to RBC?

Answer 5

Agglutinate them!

Question 6

What conditions can this virus cause in the body?

Answer 6

Mostly starts with respiratory and if that’s not overcome, can lead to acute/chronic hepatitis!
Also causes ocular disease/brain inflammation and interstitial nephritis

Question 7

What’s the host range?

Answer 7

dogs, wild canids, skunks and bears!

Question 8

Most CAV-1 infections are symptomatic or asymptomatic?

Answer 8

Asymptomatic

Question 9

What do most CAV-1 infections present as?

Answer 9

Undifferentiated respiratory disease…mild.

Question 10

If not respiratory, what are the 3 syndromes associated with canine hepatitis?

Answer 10

1) peracute. dead within hours
2) acute. will have fever, depression anorexia, V and bloody D, PETECHIAL HEMORRHAGES in the gums and mm, jaundice. Can present as hepatitis here.
3) Mild disease that may be result of partial vaccine protection

Question 11

Dog comes in with vomiting and blood diarrhea (unbeknownst to you, he has CAV-1). Which diseases should you be thinking of?

Answer 11

infectious canine hep
parvo
distemper

Question 12

Dog comes in with vomiting and blood diarrhea (unbeknownst to you, he has CAV-1). You start to add Parvo/distemper/canine hep to your list of differentials. all of a sudden, you notice petechial hemorrhages in the gums and mm as well as some jaundice.
Which disease is at the TOP of you differentia list?

Answer 12

infectious canine hep

Question 13

What other C/S are seen in severely affected animals?

Answer 13

along with the other symptoms listed, you’ll see tachycardia, LEUKOPENIA just like distemper and Parvo, prolonged clotting time and DIC!!!

Question 14

What’s the pathogenesis of canine hepatitis?

Answer 14

the dog gets t from the environment. the virus enters the nasopharyngeal/oral and conjunct routes. infects the tonsils and payer’s patches where viremia then occurs and organs are infected causing hemorrhages and necrosis in the liver kidneys spleen and lungs

Question 15

What is Blue Eye?

Answer 15

Characteristic of this disease. Corneal edema.

AB-AG complexes accumulating in small vessels of the ciliary body interfering with normal fluid exchange of the cornea

Question 16

when do you see blue eye?

Answer 16

if you give CAV-1 vaccine and during convalescent stage of natural infection

Question 17

is blue eye permanent?

Answer 17

no

Question 18

do you get blue eye with CAV-2 vaccine?

Answer 18

nope

Question 19

Which is better diagnostic for canine hep, PCR or serology?

Answer 19

PCR plus clinical signs

don’t use serology unless PAIRED since this is a common virus

Question 20

what is the major source of transmission?

Answer 20

urine (for a long time!), poop, saliva

Question 21

Two things that are special about the CAV-2 vaccine:

Answer 21

1) the attenuated vaccine offers shed-seeding in the environment which 2* immunizes other dogs–> herd immunity
2) doesn’t cause blue eye

Question 22

why is this virus easily disinfected?

Answer 22

envelop BUT WITH those projected penton fibers

Question 23

Dog comes in with bloody diarrhea and vomiting and leukopenia (DISTEMPER IS LYMPHOPENIA)…you immediately think Parvo but you’re not sure. Which 2 clinical signs other than V and D make you think it’s not Parvo?

Answer 23

petechial hemorrhages in the gums and jaundice due to the chronic hepatitis