Pathogen & Disease Test: Transmission of Diseases & Portals of Entry Flashcards
Contact Transmission
infection may occur by contact with other infected humans or animals
Contact Transmission: Droplet Transmission
where mucous droplets are discharges into the air by coughing, sneezing, laughing or talking within a radius of 1 meter
EX. common cold virus
Contact Transmission: Direct Transmission
occurs because of the physical contact between the source and a potential host; this includes touching, kissing, and sexual intercourse
EX. HIV virus, Gonorrhea bacteria
Contact Transmission: Indirect Transmission
includes touching a contaminated surface/objects that have been in contact with the source of infection
(eating utensils, drinking cups, bedding, toys, money and used syringes)
EX. tetanus bacteria, common cold virus
Vehicle Transmission
agents of disease in vehicle transmission may be transmitted by food, blood, water, intravenous fluids such as drugs and air
EX. cholera bacteria, tuberculosis bacteria (airborne)
Airborne Transmission/ Disease Spread
the spread of fungal spores, some viruses, and bacteria that are transported on dust particles and can remain suspended in the air long periods of time
- transmitted faster because more likely for a person to breath in contaminated air
- pathogen spreads randomly
Food Borne Disease Spread
- pathogen is carried by food rather than a person
- have to eat or drink the contaminated food; cannot be caught any other way
- spreads quickly at onset and then slows
- it spreads slowly because the likelihood of coming into contact with the pathogen decreases over time
Animal Vectors
some pathogens are transmitted between hosts by other animals. Bites from anthropods (e.g. mosquitoes, ticks, fleas, and lice) and mammals (e.g. rodents) may introduce pathogens.
EX. malaria
Person to Person Spread
person comes into contact with another person carrying a pathogen
What are the 2 primary factors that will affect the infection rate of a disease (person to person)
- population density
2. ease of transmission
Portals of Entry: Respiratory Tract
the mouth and nose are major entry points for airborne viruses that are inhaled from other people’s expelled mucous
Examples of diseases through the Respiratory Tract:
diphtheria, meningococcal meningitis, tuberculosis, whooping cough, influenza, measles, rubella, and chicken pox
Portals of Entry: Gastrointestinal Tract
the mouth is one of the few openings where you place foreign substances into your body. Food is often contaminated with microorganisms, but most of these are destroyed in the stomach
Examples of diseases through the Gastrointestinal Tract:
cholera, typhoid fever, mumps, hepatitis A, poliomyelitis, and salmonellosis
Portals of Entry: Breaking the Skin Barrier
the skin provides a barrier to the entry of most pathogens; however, a cut or abrasion allows easy entry for pathogens
