Patho topic 1-25

Question 1

What is pathology?
• Science consisting of the study?
• Summarized as?

Answer 1

o Pathos(suffering) and logos(science)
o of disease (nosologia)
o of defects (defectus)
o of malformations (vitium)

Study of the functional and morphological changes in the body during disease

Question 2

Fields/topics of pathology:

Answer 2

• Diagnostic pathology
• Forensic pathology
• Surgical pathology
• Experimental pathology
• Comparative pathology

Question 3

What is Diagnostic pathology

Answer 3

An autopsy (syn: necropsy) may be performed to determine the CAUSE of death in an individual or in a group of animals or to EXPLANE decreased production.

Question 4

What is Forensic pathology

Answer 4

The purpose of an autopsy is to determine the NATURE of DEATH from a LEGAL perspective.

Question 5

What is Surgical Pathology

Answer 5

(histologic examination of surgically excised tissue specimens)
Not only facilitates DIAGNOSIS and PROGNOSIS for a living animal but also can be the BASIS for THERAPY.

Question 6

What is Experimental pathology

Answer 6

Contributes from the design to the endpoint of an investigation with the GOAL of CORRELATING MORPHOLOGICAL changes with CLINICAL, FUNCTIONAL, and BIOCHEMICAL parameters to elucidate the MECHANISM of disease.

Question 7

What is comparative Pathology

Answer 7

Compares specific human pathologies with those seen in natural animal models tuberculosis, anthrax, erysipelas etc.)

Question 8

In certain cases, the autopsy itself reveals the cause of death - it is called

Answer 8

Pathogonomic Changes

Question 9

Examples of pathogonomic changes

Answer 9

Heart infarct/attack, pyonephros, gastric torsion, intestinal rupture etc.

Question 10

What are the Supplementary investigations

Answer 10

1. Histopathology
2. Immunohistochemistry
   o Electronmicroscopic investigations
   o Toxicological, parasitological, bacteriological, virological investigation
   o Molecular biological investigations, (q)PCR, sequence determination, next generation sequencing
3. Individual or herd diagnostics

Question 11

What is Pathogenesis

Answer 11

How does the disease proceed?

Question 12

What is general pathology

Answer 12

The study of the REACTION of CELLS or TISSUES to INJURY with a focus on the MECHANISM of that response.
Basic changes:
o CIRCULATORY disturbances
o REGRESSIVE changes -> decrease in severity/size (lighter symptoms, but no complete disappearance)
o PROLIFFERATIVE changes -> growth of cells (could be in case of healing)
o INFLAMATIONS
o TUMORS
o DEVELOPMENTAL anomalies

Question 13

What is special/systemic pathology?

Answer 13

Characteristic CHANGES caused by well-defined DISEASES, grouped according to ORGAN SYSTEMS

Question 14

What is nosos

Answer 14

“Nosos”-differs from the normal.
Disease - but
Just because something is not normal, doesn’t mean that it is a disease!

Question 15

Definition of a disease

Answer 15

When vital function differ -> Pathological change occur

Question 16

Groups of diseases according to different characteristics:

Answer 16

Localization, extension
Aetiology
Appearance
Duration
Outcome

Question 17

Groups of diseases according to different characteristics:

Localization, extension

Answer 17

General, organ and systemic diseases