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General Pathology > Past december 2021 > Flashcards

Past december 2021 Flashcards

1
Q

Which one is involved in the removal of necrotic tissue?

  • Lymphatic vessels
  • Blood vessels
  • Macrophages
  • All of them
A

All of them

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2
Q

Which is a route of metastasis

  • Hematogenous
  • Lymphogenus
  • Intracanicular
  • All of the above
A

All of the above

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3
Q

What typically causes colliquation necrosis

  • Strong alkalic PH
  • Ischaemia
  • Bacterial toxins
  • Burns
A

Strong alkalic PH

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4
Q

Which is produced by Aspergillus flavus?

  • Patulin
  • Ochratoxin
  • Aflatoxin
  • Trichotecen
A

Aflatoxin

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5
Q

Which of the following virus owns a viral oncogene?

  • FeLV
  • ALV
  • Both
  • None
A

FeLV

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6
Q

What is congestive induration?

  • Firm texture due to calcium deposition
  • Softening of the tissue due to blood congestion
  • Metaplastic cartilage tissue development
  • Connective tissue proliferation upon chronic congestion
A

Connective tissue proliferation upon chronic congestion

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7
Q

How does colloid resorption occur?

  • Diffusion
  • Osmosis
  • Pinocytosis
  • Phagocytosis
A

Pinocytosis

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8
Q

Which necrosis is coagulation type?

  • Liponecrosis
  • Caseation
  • Both of them
  • None of them
A

Both of them

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9
Q

Wich statement is true?

  • Necrotic tissues do not have any effect on the body
  • Necrotic tissue usually causes acute inflammation in their environment
  • Necrosis-induced inflammation is always harmful to the body
  • Only coagulation necrosis induces inflammation
A

Necrotic tissue usually causes acute inflammation in their environment

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10
Q

How is the metastasis called with increased cellular atypia

  • Dysplastic metastasis
  • Anaplastic metastasis
  • Prosoplasia
  • Noe of the one above
A

Anaplastic metastasis

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11
Q

Which mucosa is covered with collumnar epithelium

  • Stomach
  • Small intestine
  • Uterus
  • All of them
A

All of them

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12
Q

Which one is the mildest form of inflamation?

  • Serous
  • Catarrhal
  • Purulent
  • Ichorous
A

Serous

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13
Q

Which compound induces the hypothalamus to produce more corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) in cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome?

  • Leptin
  • TNF
  • IL-1
  • None of the one above
A

Leptin

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14
Q

Which one is diffuse purulent inflammation?

  • Abscess
  • Mikroabscess
  • Phlegmone
  • Pyoarthos
A

Phlegmone

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15
Q

Which giant cell can be found in a healthy animal?

  • Osteoclast
  • Lengerhans type giant cell
  • Langerhans cell
  • Reed-Steinberg cell type
A

Osteoclast

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16
Q

Which statement is true about ulcer healing?

  • The epithelial cells proliferate slowly
  • The epithelial layer regenerates before the formation of granulation tissue
  • The hair follicles also regenerate in all cases
  • Stem cells are not involved in the process
A

The epithelial cells proliferate slowly

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17
Q

Which can lead to metastatic calcification?

  • VIT D overdose
  • Renal failure
  • Both of them
  • None of them
A

Both of them

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18
Q

What is actually wet gangrene?

  • Necrotic inflamation
  • Ichorous Inflamation
  • Gangrenous inflammation
  • Catarrhal inflammation
A

Ichorous Inflamation

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19
Q

Which statement is true about erosion healing?

  • Granuloma tissue is formed
  • Scar tissue is formed
  • It heals with the rapid proliferation of epithelial cells
  • None of the statements are true
A

None of the statements are true

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20
Q

Which description is correct for the skin in its serous inflammation?

  • It has injected vessels
  • Reddened
  • Swollen
  • All of them
A

All of them

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21
Q

What is an general effect of burns?

  • Hypervolemia
  • Bone marrow hyperplasia
  • Both of them
  • None of them
A

None of them

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22
Q

What is autointoxication?

  • Exogenic toxins
  • Endogenic toxins
  • Toxicosis caused by chemicals
  • Toxicosis caused by mechanical trauma
A

Endogenic toxins

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23
Q

In which species gout is signifficant?

  • Cat
  • Lemur
  • Goose
  • Pig
A

Goose

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24
Q

What determines the severity of burns?

  • Temperature
  • Age of the animal
  • Both of them
  • None of them
A
  • Both of them
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25
Q

What character is defining a lymphoma?

  • Immunophenotype
  • Cell morphology
  • Clinical presentation
  • All the above
A

All the above

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26
Q

In which species gout is signifficant?

  • Cat
  • Chamelion
  • Lemur
  • Pig
A

Chamelion

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27
Q

Necrosis occurs in which type of frostbite

  • Congelatio escharotica
  • Congelatio gangrenosa
  • in Both of them
  • in none of them
A

in Both of them

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28
Q

Which leads to autointoxication?

  • Wet gangrene
  • Constipation
  • Hypoxic hepathopathy
  • All the above
A

All the above

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29
Q

In which disease does bovine leukemia virus play role?

  • Juvenile Lymphoid Leukosis
  • Enzootic lymphoid leukosis
  • Thymicu leukosis
  • Cutaneous lymphoma
    *
A

Enzootic lymphoid leukosis

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30
Q

Which is the correct order from the surface?

  • Str. Corneum, Str. Spinosum, Str. Granlosum, Str. Basale
  • Str. Corneum, Str, Granulosum, Str. Spinosum, Str. Basale
  • Str. Granulosum, Str. Corneum, Str. Spinosum, Str. Basale
  • Str. Corneum, Str. Basale, Str. Spinosum, Str. Granulosum
A

Str. Corneum, Str, Granulosum, Str. Spinosum, Str. Basale

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31
Q

What may result in melanin hypopigmentation?

  • Maceration on the certain epidermal region
  • Acanthosis Nigricans
  • Addisons disease (hypoadrenocorticism)
  • Pregnancy-related hormonal changes
A

Maceration on the certain epidermal region

(Acanthosis Nigricans = hyperpigmentation)

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32
Q

Which lesion is typical in the F2(zearalenon) toxicosis?

  • Vulvular swelling in piglets
  • Rectal prolaps in fatteners
  • Reproductive problems in breading animals
  • All answers are correct
A

All answers are correct

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33
Q

True for melanin

  • Loses colour when treated with hydrogen-peroxide
  • Insoluble in water, acids, fat solvents
  • Both answers are correct
  • None of the above mentioned
A

Both answers are correct

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34
Q

True for melanin

  • Could not be stained by Perls-reaction
  • It does not flouresce under UV light
  • Both answers are correct
  • None of the above mentioned
A

None of the above mentioned

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35
Q

True for Melanin

  • Produced in the cells of stratum granulosum
  • Stored in the melanocytes of stratum corneum
  • Both answers are correct
  • None of the above mentioned
A

None of the above mentioned

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36
Q

Which factor(s) may result in ceroid pigment accumulation?

  • Hereditary factors
  • Oxidative stress or VIT E deficiency
  • Cachexia
  • All three factors may play a role
A

All three factors may play a role

– Neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis

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37
Q

Which pigment is not yellow from the followings

  • Lipofuscin
  • Ceroid
  • Ceroid like pigment
  • All pigments are of yellow colour
A

All pigments are of yellow colour

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38
Q

Melanin hyperpigmentation is NOT a feature of one of the following disoders

  • Addisons disease (hypoadrenocorticism)
  • Acanthosis Nigricans
  • Melanoma benignum
  • Cushings Syndrome (Hyperadrenocorticism)
A

Cushings Syndrome (Hyperadrenocorticism)

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39
Q

Not a characteristic of porphyrins

  • May be produced during the catabolisn of hem in the body system of animals
  • They may fluoresce under UV light
  • They show a great affinity to bones and discolor the dentin and cementum too
  • Pigments of brownish-violet colour
A

May be produced during the catabolisn of hem in the body system of animals

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40
Q

Which one means the intermittent course of the disease process?

  • Continious
  • Periodic
  • Paroxysmal
  • None of them
A

Paroxysmal

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41
Q

Which type of vessel is the most importaint neoplastic hematogenous metastasis?

  • Artery
  • Vein
  • Cappillary
  • Any of these
A

Vein

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42
Q

What can inhibit the regeneration of peripheral nerves?

  • Large distance between the two ends
  • Damaged Schwann-cells
  • Missing peripheral portion
  • All of them
A

All of them

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43
Q

What can be caused in animals due to intermittant intensive exposion of UV- radiation?

  • Scuamous cell carcinoma
  • Basal cell carcinoma
  • Melanoma
  • Lymphoma
A

Melanoma

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44
Q

What can be the consequence of necrosis

  • Regeneratio
  • Calcificatio
  • Sequester
  • All of them
A

All of them

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45
Q

What is the “economy class” syndrome?

  • People getting annoyed by other passenger
  • Deep vein thrombosis due to immobility
  • Mild transient faint upon take off
  • Thrombosis of the coronaria
A

Deep vein thrombosis due to immobility

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46
Q

Which statement are true?

  • Skeletal muscle cells can replace cardiomyocytes
  • Regeneration is common in cardiomyocytes
  • There is usually no regeneration of cardiomyocytes
  • None of these statements are true
A

There is usually no regeneration of cardiomyocytes

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47
Q

Which refers to the nuclear size variability in a tumour?

  • Anisocytosis
  • Anisokaryosis
  • Nuclear polymorphism
  • Karyomegaly
A

Anisokaryosis

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48
Q

Which is the group of cells which effect the tumours biologic character?

  • Stroma
  • Parenchyma
  • Extracellular matrix
  • Parenchyma and stroma
A

Parenchyma

49
Q

Which is the target orgen in vena cava type hematogenous tumor metastasis?

  • Left side of the heart
  • Liver
  • Right side of the heart
  • Lung
A

Right side of the heart

Then lungs

50
Q

Which tissue heals mostly with regeneration?

  • Smooth muscle
  • Nerve fibers in the CNS
  • Both of them
  • None of them
A

Smooth muscle

51
Q

Which cells perform the enzymatic preperation of necrotic tissues in the case of coagulation necrosis?

  • Lymphocytes
  • Plasma cells
  • Neutrophil Granulocytes
  • Dendritic cells
A

Neutrophil Granulocytes

52
Q

What can lead to edema?

  • Decreased hydrostatic pressure of plasma
  • Increased colloid osmotic pressure of plasma
  • Both of them
  • None of them
A
  • Increased colloid osmotic pressure of plasma
53
Q

What is hyperhydria of the subcutis?

  • Hydrosubcutis
  • Anasarca
  • Hydrothorax
  • Ascites
A

Anasarca

54
Q

Which piment is characteristic in the “Brown bowel syndrome” in dogs

  • Hematin
  • Melanin
  • Ceroid
  • Porfirinek
A

Ceroid

55
Q

Is NOT a yellow pigment

  • Lipofuscin
  • Hematin
  • Ceroid
  • Bilirubin
A

Hematin

dark bluish or brownish pigment

56
Q

Lipofuscin may be found in

  • Neural cells of the brain and spinal chord
  • Hepatocytes and Renal tubular cells
  • Both answers are correict
  • Neither are correct
A

Both answers are correict

57
Q

Which belongs to the innate immunity?

  • Cellular immunity
  • Humoral Immunity
  • Both
  • None
A

None

58
Q

What is the general effect of burns?

  • Hypervolemia
  • Bone marrow hyperplasia
  • both
  • none
A

none

59
Q

Which pathological lesion is assosciated with hyperthermia?

  • Slowly developing rigor mortis
  • Meningeal ischemia
  • Slowly developing autolysis
  • None
A

None

60
Q

Which can lead to autointoxication?

  • Wet gangrene
  • constipation
  • hypoxic hepathopathy
  • all the above
A

all the above

61
Q

Which enzyme are responsible for uric acid transformation in mammals?

  • Cytochrome P450
  • Uricase
  • Phosphatase
  • Transcarbomylase
A

Uricase

62
Q

What is characteristic for viral papilloma in dogs?

  • Rare to occur
  • Endophytic
  • Exophytic
  • ?
A

Exophytic

63
Q

Which is true for innate immunity?

  • Specific for antigens
  • Non specific for antigens
  • Reaction is slow
  • There is memory
A

Non specific for antigens

64
Q

Which paraneoplasia can occur frequently in dogs perianal gland carcinoma?

  • Hypocalcemia
  • Hypercalcemia
  • Exfoliative dermatitis
  • Paraneoplastic alopecia
A

Hypercalcemia

65
Q

What is true for cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome?

  • Early satiety
  • Anemia
  • Generalized weakness
  • All the above
A

All the above

66
Q

True of porphyrins

  • Pigments are brownish-violet colour
  • They are synthesized mainly in the liver and bone marrow
  • They may flouresce under UV light
  • All answers are correct
A

All answers are correct

67
Q

Which statement is false?

  • Both hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis refer to thickening of the cornified layer of the epithelium
  • Hyper and parakeratosis can often be observed simultaneously, altering each other in a certain region of the epithelium
  • Parakeratotic hyperkeratosis is a form of hyperkeratosis
  • All former answers are correct
A

All former answers are correct

68
Q

What does cutaneous horn refer to?

  • Horn like focal dysketatotic malformation without a bone basis
  • Horn like focal hyperkeratotic malformation without a bone basis
  • Hornlike focal dysceratotic malformations without aa bon basis, which formed as a result of prolonged mechanic irritation
  • Applied for all cornified structures of domesticated animals occurring on the bony basis of horn
A

Horn like focal hyperkeratotic malformation without a bone basis

69
Q

What type of necrosis do vitamin E and Selenium deficiency can cause?

  • Zenker necrosis
  • Back leg disease
  • Caseastion
  • Non of them
A

Zenker necrosis

70
Q

What affects the colour of neoplasias?

  • Pigmentation
  • Blood content
  • The tissue of origin
  • All the above
A

All the above

71
Q

Which inflammatory tissue are capable of resorption of necrotic tissue?

  • Neutrophil granulocyte
  • Macrophage
  • Both of them
  • None of them
A

Both of them

72
Q

Where do we see the consequences of systemic congestion?

  • In the lung
  • In the Liver
  • In the terminal circulatory bed
  • every organ is affected
A

every organ is affected

73
Q

What is true for the shock?

  • Too mutch blood is damaging the brain
  • A major thrombus develops in the veins
  • This is what i am in right now
  • Hypoperfusion develops in vital organs
A

Hypoperfusion develops in vital organs

74
Q

What is true for red thrombus?

  • It is similar to blood clotting in the veins
  • Commonly seen in mitral valves
  • It can be very common in the kidneys
  • It will never cause embolism
A

It can be very common in the kidneys

75
Q

Which of the following can cause mesothelioma?

  • Aflatoxin
  • Asbestos
  • B-naftil-armin
  • Vinil-chloride
A

Asbestos

76
Q

What can be the consequence of necrosis?

  • Organisatio
  • Ulceration
  • Secondary infection
  • All of them
A

All of them

77
Q

What is recurrence of a tumor mean?

  • Ability to metastasis
  • Growing back after removal
  • Ability to invasion
  • Pace of tumour growth
A

Growing back after removal

78
Q

Which cell type is the most resistant to hypoxia among these?

  • Neurons
  • Fibroblasts
  • Myocardial cells
  • They are equally sensitive
A

Fibroblasts

79
Q

What is hemorrhage per diapedesin?

  • Bleeding through vessel wall continuity defect
  • Bleeding through a vessel wall with increased permeability
  • Bleeding through the nose
  • Bleeding due to trauma
A

Bleeding through a vessel wall with increased permeability

80
Q

Which regenerates first after peripheral nerve injury?

  • Myelin sheat
  • Axon
  • Synapsis
  • They regenerate at the same time
A

Myelin sheat

81
Q

In which organ can catarrhal inflamation occur?

  • Liver
  • Heart
  • Lungs
  • Kidney
A

Lungs

82
Q

How do Langerhans type giant cell develop?

  • Macrophages undergo endomitosis
  • Neutrophils fuse due to strong activation
  • Epithelioid cells fuse
  • Progenitor white blood cells undergo endomitosis
A

Epithelioid cells fuse

83
Q

Which compound increase the muscle metavolism in cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome?

  • Leptin
  • TNF
  • Proteolysis inducing factor
  • All the above
A

…All the above

84
Q

which one is an exudative type of inflamation

  • Haemorrhagic
  • Ichorous
  • Both of them
  • None of them
A

Both of them

85
Q

Which refers to the increase of the tumors malignant potential?

  • Initiation
  • Promotion
  • Progression
  • Generalisation
A

Progression

86
Q

which one is diffuse purulent inflammation?

  • Abcess
  • Microabcess
  • Phlegmone
  • Pyoarthos
A

Phlegmone

87
Q

Which is true for addaptive mmunity?

  • Specific for antigens
  • NonSpecific for antigens
  • Reaction is immediate
  • There is no memmory
A

Specific for antigens

88
Q

Which structure directs the glandular epithelium during regeneration?

  • Glandular remnants
  • Stem cells
  • Basement membrane
  • None of them
A

Basement membrane

89
Q

What is true for thrombosis

  • There is a solid mass in the blood vessel
  • The solid mass consists of blood elements
  • It is formed in the life of the animal
  • All answers are correct
A

All answers are correct

90
Q

We can inhibit the regeneration of peripheral nerves?

  • Large distance between the two ends
  • Damaged swann cells
  • missing peripheral portion
  • all of them
A

Damaged swann cells

91
Q

Which one is a histopathological sign of necrosis?

  • Karyopycnosis
  • Karyorhexis
  • Both of them
  • None of them
A

Both of them

92
Q

What is venous infarceration?

  • Thrombus in the deep veins
  • Necrosis due to arterial blockade
  • Necrosis due to blockade of the vein
  • Apoptosis of the venules in the terminal circulatory bed
A

Necrosis due to blockade of the vein

93
Q

Which type of amyloidosis has an immune mediated pathway?

  • Primary
  • Secondary
  • Typical
  • Systemic
A

Primary

94
Q

How is the malignant tumour of pigment producing cells called?

  • Mast cell tumor
  • Melanocytoma
  • Melanoma
  • None of the above
A

Melanoma = Malignant (name doesnt say)

Melanocytoma = Benign

95
Q

What is true for amyloid?

  • Not soluble in water
  • Soluble in water
  • Not soluble in bases
A

Not soluble in water

96
Q

yWhich is true for amyloid histopathologically, with hematoxyline and eosine staining?

  • Stained homogeneously orange
  • Birefringent
  • Stained lightly basophillic
  • Stained homogeneously pink
A

Stained homogeneously pink

97
Q

What can lead to the appearance of deficiency diseases?

  • Inanitio completa
  • Inanitio incompleta
  • Obesitas
  • All of them
A

Inanitio incompleta

98
Q

What is edema due to stagnation?

  • Edema stagnationis
  • Edema dysorticum
  • Edema ex hypoproteinemia
  • Edema ex hormonale
A

Edema stagnationis

99
Q

Which type of metastasis is mostly true for sarcoma?

  • Hematogenous
  • Lymphogenous
  • Intracanalicular
  • None of the above
A

Hematogenous

100
Q

Which inflamatory celltype is capable of resorbtion of necrotic tissue?

  • Neutrophil Granulocyte
  • Macrophage
  • Both
  • None
A

Both

101
Q

Which one is an important organ in the regulation of water balance?

  • Kidney
  • Lungs
  • Both of them
  • None of them
A

Kidney

102
Q

What are the major lesions in an animal died of shock?

  • Congestion in abdominal organs
  • Lung edema
  • Ishcheaemia in the kidney cortex
  • All answers are correct
A

All answers are correct

103
Q

Which one is the microscopic appearance of necrotic sceletal muscle cells?

  • Clearly visuable nucleus
  • Clearly visuable cross striation
  • Both of them
  • None of them
A

None of them

104
Q

In which species are melanoma frequently to be seen?

  • Dog
  • Cat
  • Horse
  • Cattle
A

Dog

105
Q

Which one is the most dangerous mycotoxin?

A. Aflatoxin

B. Stachybotritoxin

C. DON

D. Zearalenon

A

A. Aflatoxin

106
Q

Which one is diffuse purulent inflammation?

a. Microabcess
b. Pyoarthros
c. Abcess
d. Phlegmone

A

d. Phlegmone

107
Q

Which can lead to autointoxication? (MPQ)

A. Wet gangrene

B. Hypotoxic Hepatopathy

C. Constipation

D. Snake bite

E. Mycotoxin Ingestion

A

A. Wet gangrene

C. Constipation

E. Mocotoxin Ingestion

108
Q

What is true for the cellular pathogenesis of tuberculosis?

A. Mycobacteria provoke a quick initial immune response right after infection

B. IL-12 produced by antigen presenting cells activates the Th-1 response

C. IFN gamma gauses the suppression of the macrophage function

D. Mycobacteria cause allergic reaction in the lung

A

B. IL-12 produced by antigen presenting cells activates the Th-1 response

109
Q

Which bacterium causes endocarditis most offen?

A. Erysipelotrix Rhusiopathiae

B. Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis

C. Fusobacterium Necroforium

D. Brachyspira Hyodisenteriae

A

A. Erysipelotrix Rhusiopathiae

110
Q

What is true for mycobacteria?

A. They replicate inside macrophages

B. They are faculative pathogens

C. They are very sensitive for environmental conditions

D. They are saprofitic bacteria

A

A. They replicate inside macrophages

111
Q

Perl’s reaction stains hemosiderin to

A. Blue

B. Black

C. Green

D. Brown

A

A. Blue

112
Q

What is the most importaint celltype in the removal of necrotic skeletal muscle cells?

A. Macrophage

B. Neurophil Granulocyte

C. Lymphocyte

D?

A

B. Neurophil Granulocyte

113
Q

Which one is a typical exogenous chemical causing developmental anomalies?

A. Chemotherapeutic drugs

B. Glucocorticoids

C. Vitamin C

D. Aspirin

A

A. Chemotherapeutic drugs

114
Q

What is the origin of Langhans type giant cells?

A. They are derived from pancreatic beta cells

B. Fusion of activated macrophages

C. Incompleete cell membrane and cytoplasm separation after cell division

D. Endomitosis

A

B. Fusion of activated macrophages

115
Q

What is true for an infarct?

A. Widespread apoptosis occur in an organ

B. It is a proliferative change

C. Localized necrotic tissue

D. It is the result of chronic inflamation

A

C. Localized necrotic tissue

116
Q

A. Normal mitotic figures

B. Abnormal mitotic figures

C. Abnormal Apoptotic cells

D. Normal Apoptotic Cells

A

B. Abnormal mitotic figures

117
Q

What typically causes colliquation necrosis?

A. Bacterial Toxins

B. Burn

C. Ischemia

D. Strong alkalic PH

A

D. Strong alkalic PH

118
Q
A

General Pathology (8 decks)

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