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General Pathology > Past december 2021 > Flashcards

Past december 2021 Flashcards

1
Q

Which one is involved in the removal of necrotic tissue?

  • Lymphatic vessels
  • Blood vessels
  • Macrophages
  • All of them
A

All of them

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2
Q

Which is a route of metastasis

  • Hematogenous
  • Lymphogenus
  • Intracanicular
  • All of the above
A

All of the above

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3
Q

What typically causes colliquation necrosis

  • Strong alkalic PH
  • Ischaemia
  • Bacterial toxins
  • Burns
A

Strong alkalic PH

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4
Q

Which is produced by Aspergillus flavus?

  • Patulin
  • Ochratoxin
  • Aflatoxin
  • Trichotecen
A

Aflatoxin

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5
Q

Which of the following virus owns a viral oncogene?

  • FeLV
  • ALV
  • Both
  • None
A

FeLV

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6
Q

What is congestive induration?

  • Firm texture due to calcium deposition
  • Softening of the tissue due to blood congestion
  • Metaplastic cartilage tissue development
  • Connective tissue proliferation upon chronic congestion
A

Connective tissue proliferation upon chronic congestion

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7
Q

How does colloid resorption occur?

  • Diffusion
  • Osmosis
  • Pinocytosis
  • Phagocytosis
A

Pinocytosis

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8
Q

Which necrosis is coagulation type?

  • Liponecrosis
  • Caseation
  • Both of them
  • None of them
A

Both of them

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9
Q

Wich statement is true?

  • Necrotic tissues do not have any effect on the body
  • Necrotic tissue usually causes acute inflammation in their environment
  • Necrosis-induced inflammation is always harmful to the body
  • Only coagulation necrosis induces inflammation
A

Necrotic tissue usually causes acute inflammation in their environment

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10
Q

How is the metastasis called with increased cellular atypia

  • Dysplastic metastasis
  • Anaplastic metastasis
  • Prosoplasia
  • Noe of the one above
A

Anaplastic metastasis

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11
Q

Which mucosa is covered with collumnar epithelium

  • Stomach
  • Small intestine
  • Uterus
  • All of them
A

All of them

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12
Q

Which one is the mildest form of inflamation?

  • Serous
  • Catarrhal
  • Purulent
  • Ichorous
A

Serous

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13
Q

Which compound induces the hypothalamus to produce more corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) in cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome?

  • Leptin
  • TNF
  • IL-1
  • None of the one above
A

Leptin

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14
Q

Which one is diffuse purulent inflammation?

  • Abscess
  • Mikroabscess
  • Phlegmone
  • Pyoarthos
A

Phlegmone

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15
Q

Which giant cell can be found in a healthy animal?

  • Osteoclast
  • Lengerhans type giant cell
  • Langerhans cell
  • Reed-Steinberg cell type
A

Osteoclast

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16
Q

Which statement is true about ulcer healing?

  • The epithelial cells proliferate slowly
  • The epithelial layer regenerates before the formation of granulation tissue
  • The hair follicles also regenerate in all cases
  • Stem cells are not involved in the process
A

The epithelial cells proliferate slowly

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17
Q

Which can lead to metastatic calcification?

  • VIT D overdose
  • Renal failure
  • Both of them
  • None of them
A

Both of them

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18
Q

What is actually wet gangrene?

  • Necrotic inflamation
  • Ichorous Inflamation
  • Gangrenous inflammation
  • Catarrhal inflammation
A

Ichorous Inflamation

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19
Q

Which statement is true about erosion healing?

  • Granuloma tissue is formed
  • Scar tissue is formed
  • It heals with the rapid proliferation of epithelial cells
  • None of the statements are true
A

None of the statements are true

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20
Q

Which description is correct for the skin in its serous inflammation?

  • It has injected vessels
  • Reddened
  • Swollen
  • All of them
A

All of them

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21
Q

What is an general effect of burns?

  • Hypervolemia
  • Bone marrow hyperplasia
  • Both of them
  • None of them
A

None of them

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22
Q

What is autointoxication?

  • Exogenic toxins
  • Endogenic toxins
  • Toxicosis caused by chemicals
  • Toxicosis caused by mechanical trauma
A

Endogenic toxins

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23
Q

In which species gout is signifficant?

  • Cat
  • Lemur
  • Goose
  • Pig
A

Goose

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24
Q

What determines the severity of burns?

  • Temperature
  • Age of the animal
  • Both of them
  • None of them
A
  • Both of them
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25
What character is defining a lymphoma? * Immunophenotype * Cell morphology * Clinical presentation * All the above
All the above
26
In which species gout is signifficant? * Cat * Chamelion * Lemur * Pig
Chamelion
27
Necrosis occurs in which type of frostbite * Congelatio escharotica * Congelatio gangrenosa * in Both of them * in none of them
in Both of them
28
Which leads to autointoxication? * Wet gangrene * Constipation * Hypoxic hepathopathy * All the above
All the above
29
In which disease does bovine leukemia virus play role? * Juvenile Lymphoid Leukosis * Enzootic lymphoid leukosis * Thymicu leukosis * Cutaneous lymphoma *
Enzootic lymphoid leukosis
30
Which is the correct order from the surface? * Str. Corneum, Str. Spinosum, Str. Granlosum, Str. Basale * Str. Corneum, Str, Granulosum, Str. Spinosum, Str. Basale * Str. Granulosum, Str. Corneum, Str. Spinosum, Str. Basale * Str. Corneum, Str. Basale, Str. Spinosum, Str. Granulosum
**Str. Corneum**, Str, Granulosum, Str. Spinosum, **Str. Basale**
31
What may result in melanin hypopigmentation? * Maceration on the certain epidermal region * Acanthosis Nigricans * Addisons disease (hypoadrenocorticism) * Pregnancy-related hormonal changes
Maceration on the certain epidermal region (Acanthosis Nigricans = hyperpigmentation)
32
Which lesion is typical in the F2(zearalenon) toxicosis? * Vulvular swelling in piglets * Rectal prolaps in fatteners * Reproductive problems in breading animals * All answers are correct
All answers are correct
33
True for melanin * Loses colour when treated with hydrogen-peroxide * Insoluble in water, acids, fat solvents * Both answers are correct * None of the above mentioned
Both answers are correct
34
True for melanin * Could not be stained by Perls-reaction * It does not flouresce under UV light * Both answers are correct * None of the above mentioned
None of the above mentioned
35
True for Melanin * Produced in the cells of stratum granulosum * Stored in the melanocytes of stratum corneum * Both answers are correct * None of the above mentioned
None of the above mentioned
36
Which factor(s) may result in ceroid pigment accumulation? * Hereditary factors * Oxidative stress or VIT E deficiency * Cachexia * All three factors may play a role
All three factors may play a role – Neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis
37
Which pigment is not yellow from the followings * Lipofuscin * Ceroid * Ceroid like pigment * All pigments are of yellow colour
All pigments are of yellow colour
38
Melanin hyperpigmentation is NOT a feature of one of the following disoders * Addisons disease (hypoadrenocorticism) * Acanthosis Nigricans * Melanoma benignum * Cushings Syndrome (Hyperadrenocorticism)
Cushings Syndrome (Hyperadrenocorticism)
39
Not a characteristic of porphyrins * May be produced during the catabolisn of hem in the body system of animals * They may fluoresce under UV light * They show a great affinity to bones and discolor the dentin and cementum too * Pigments of brownish-violet colour
May be produced during the catabolisn of hem in the body system of animals
40
Which one means the intermittent course of the disease process? * Continious * Periodic * Paroxysmal * None of them
Paroxysmal
41
Which type of vessel is the most importaint neoplastic hematogenous metastasis? * Artery * Vein * Cappillary * Any of these
Vein
42
What can inhibit the regeneration of peripheral nerves? * Large distance between the two ends * Damaged Schwann-cells * Missing peripheral portion * All of them
All of them
43
What can be caused in animals due to intermittant intensive exposion of UV- radiation? * Scuamous cell carcinoma * Basal cell carcinoma * Melanoma * Lymphoma
Melanoma
44
What can be the consequence of necrosis * Regeneratio * Calcificatio * Sequester * All of them
All of them
45
What is the "economy class" syndrome? * People getting annoyed by other passenger * Deep vein thrombosis due to immobility * Mild transient faint upon take off * Thrombosis of the coronaria
Deep vein thrombosis due to immobility
46
Which statement are true? * Skeletal muscle cells can replace cardiomyocytes * Regeneration is common in cardiomyocytes * There is usually no regeneration of cardiomyocytes * None of these statements are true
There is usually no regeneration of cardiomyocytes
47
Which refers to the nuclear size variability in a tumour? * Anisocytosis * Anisokaryosis * Nuclear polymorphism * Karyomegaly
Anisokaryosis
48
Which is the group of cells which effect the tumours biologic character? * Stroma * Parenchyma * Extracellular matrix * Parenchyma and stroma
Parenchyma
49
Which is the target orgen in vena cava type hematogenous tumor metastasis? * Left side of the heart * Liver * Right side of the heart * Lung
Right side of the heart Then lungs
50
Which tissue heals mostly with regeneration? * Smooth muscle * Nerve fibers in the CNS * Both of them * None of them
Smooth muscle
51
Which cells perform the enzymatic preperation of necrotic tissues in the case of coagulation necrosis? * Lymphocytes * Plasma cells * Neutrophil Granulocytes * Dendritic cells
Neutrophil Granulocytes
52
What can lead to edema? * Decreased hydrostatic pressure of plasma * Increased colloid osmotic pressure of plasma * Both of them * None of them
* Increased colloid osmotic pressure of plasma
53
What is hyperhydria of the subcutis? * Hydrosubcutis * Anasarca * Hydrothorax * Ascites
Anasarca
54
Which piment is characteristic in the "Brown bowel syndrome" in dogs * Hematin * Melanin * Ceroid * Porfirinek
Ceroid
55
Is NOT a yellow pigment * Lipofuscin * Hematin * Ceroid * Bilirubin
Hematin dark bluish or brownish pigment
56
Lipofuscin may be found in * Neural cells of the brain and spinal chord * Hepatocytes and Renal tubular cells * Both answers are correict * Neither are correct
Both answers are correict
57
Which belongs to the innate immunity? * Cellular immunity * Humoral Immunity * Both * None
None
58
What is the general effect of burns? * Hypervolemia * Bone marrow hyperplasia * both * none
none
59
Which pathological lesion is assosciated with hyperthermia? * Slowly developing rigor mortis * Meningeal ischemia * Slowly developing autolysis * None
None
60
Which can lead to autointoxication? * Wet gangrene * constipation * hypoxic hepathopathy * all the above
all the above
61
Which enzyme are responsible for uric acid transformation in mammals? * Cytochrome P450 * Uricase * Phosphatase * Transcarbomylase
Uricase
62
What is characteristic for viral papilloma in dogs? * Rare to occur * Endophytic * Exophytic * ?
Exophytic
63
Which is true for innate immunity? * Specific for antigens * Non specific for antigens * Reaction is slow * There is memory
Non specific for antigens
64
Which paraneoplasia can occur frequently in dogs perianal gland carcinoma? * Hypocalcemia * Hypercalcemia * Exfoliative dermatitis * Paraneoplastic alopecia
Hypercalcemia
65
What is true for cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome? * Early satiety * Anemia * Generalized weakness * All the above
All the above
66
True of porphyrins * Pigments are brownish-violet colour * They are synthesized mainly in the liver and bone marrow * They may flouresce under UV light * All answers are correct
All answers are correct
67
Which statement is false? * Both hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis refer to thickening of the cornified layer of the epithelium * Hyper and parakeratosis can often be observed simultaneously, altering each other in a certain region of the epithelium * Parakeratotic hyperkeratosis is a form of hyperkeratosis * All former answers are correct
All former answers are correct
68
What does cutaneous horn refer to? * Horn like focal dysketatotic malformation without a bone basis * Horn like focal hyperkeratotic malformation without a bone basis * Hornlike focal dysceratotic malformations without aa bon basis, which formed as a result of prolonged mechanic irritation * Applied for all cornified structures of domesticated animals occurring on the bony basis of horn
Horn like focal hyperkeratotic malformation without a bone basis
69
What type of necrosis do vitamin E and Selenium deficiency can cause? * Zenker necrosis * Back leg disease * Caseastion * Non of them
Zenker necrosis
70
What affects the colour of neoplasias? * Pigmentation * Blood content * The tissue of origin * All the above
All the above
71
Which inflammatory tissue are capable of resorption of necrotic tissue? * Neutrophil granulocyte * Macrophage * Both of them * None of them
Both of them
72
Where do we see the consequences of systemic congestion? * In the lung * In the Liver * In the terminal circulatory bed * every organ is affected
every organ is affected
73
What is true for the shock? * Too mutch blood is damaging the brain * A major thrombus develops in the veins * This is what i am in right now * Hypoperfusion develops in vital organs
Hypoperfusion develops in vital organs
74
What is true for red thrombus? * It is similar to blood clotting in the veins * Commonly seen in mitral valves * It can be very common in the kidneys * It will never cause embolism
It can be very common in the kidneys
75
Which of the following can cause mesothelioma? * Aflatoxin * Asbestos * B-naftil-armin * Vinil-chloride
Asbestos
76
What can be the consequence of necrosis? * Organisatio * Ulceration * Secondary infection * All of them
All of them
77
What is recurrence of a tumor mean? * Ability to metastasis * Growing back after removal * Ability to invasion * Pace of tumour growth
Growing back after removal
78
Which cell type is the most resistant to hypoxia among these? * Neurons * Fibroblasts * Myocardial cells * They are equally sensitive
Fibroblasts
79
What is hemorrhage per diapedesin? * Bleeding through vessel wall continuity defect * Bleeding through a vessel wall with increased permeability * Bleeding through the nose * Bleeding due to trauma
Bleeding through a vessel wall with increased permeability
80
Which regenerates first after peripheral nerve injury? * Myelin sheat * Axon * Synapsis * They regenerate at the same time
Myelin sheat
81
In which organ can catarrhal inflamation occur? * Liver * Heart * Lungs * Kidney
Lungs
82
How do Langerhans type giant cell develop? * Macrophages undergo endomitosis * Neutrophils fuse due to strong activation * Epithelioid cells fuse * Progenitor white blood cells undergo endomitosis
**Epithelioid cells fuse**
83
Which compound increase the muscle metavolism in cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome? * Leptin * TNF * Proteolysis inducing factor * All the above
...All the above
84
which one is an exudative type of inflamation * Haemorrhagic * Ichorous * Both of them * None of them
Both of them
85
Which refers to the increase of the tumors malignant potential? * Initiation * Promotion * Progression * Generalisation
Progression
86
which one is diffuse purulent inflammation? * Abcess * Microabcess * Phlegmone * Pyoarthos
Phlegmone
87
Which is true for addaptive mmunity? * Specific for antigens * NonSpecific for antigens * Reaction is immediate * There is no memmory
Specific for antigens
88
Which structure directs the glandular epithelium during regeneration? * Glandular remnants * Stem cells * Basement membrane * None of them
Basement membrane
89
What is true for thrombosis * There is a solid mass in the blood vessel * The solid mass consists of blood elements * It is formed in the life of the animal * All answers are correct
All answers are correct
90
We can inhibit the regeneration of peripheral nerves? * Large distance between the two ends * Damaged swann cells * missing peripheral portion * all of them
Damaged swann cells
91
Which one is a histopathological sign of necrosis? * Karyopycnosis * Karyorhexis * Both of them * None of them
Both of them
92
What is venous infarceration? * Thrombus in the deep veins * Necrosis due to arterial blockade * Necrosis due to blockade of the vein * Apoptosis of the venules in the terminal circulatory bed
Necrosis due to blockade of the vein
93
Which type of amyloidosis has an immune mediated pathway? * Primary * Secondary * Typical * Systemic
Primary
94
How is the malignant tumour of pigment producing cells called? * Mast cell tumor * Melanocytoma * Melanoma * None of the above
**Melanoma = Malignant (name doesnt say)** Melanocytoma = Benign
95
What is true for amyloid? * Not soluble in water * Soluble in water * Not soluble in bases
Not soluble in water
96
yWhich is true for amyloid histopathologically, with hematoxyline and eosine staining? * Stained homogeneously orange * Birefringent * Stained lightly basophillic * Stained homogeneously pink
Stained homogeneously pink
97
What can lead to the appearance of deficiency diseases? * Inanitio completa * Inanitio incompleta * Obesitas * All of them
Inanitio incompleta
98
What is edema due to stagnation? * Edema stagnationis * Edema dysorticum * Edema ex hypoproteinemia * Edema ex hormonale
Edema stagnationis
99
Which type of metastasis is mostly true for sarcoma? * Hematogenous * Lymphogenous * Intracanalicular * None of the above
Hematogenous
100
Which inflamatory celltype is capable of resorbtion of necrotic tissue? * Neutrophil Granulocyte * Macrophage * Both * None
Both
101
Which one is an important organ in the regulation of water balance? * Kidney * Lungs * Both of them * None of them
Kidney
102
What are the major lesions in an animal died of shock? * Congestion in abdominal organs * Lung edema * Ishcheaemia in the kidney cortex * All answers are correct
All answers are correct
103
Which one is the microscopic appearance of necrotic sceletal muscle cells? * Clearly visuable nucleus * Clearly visuable cross striation * Both of them * None of them
None of them
104
In which species are melanoma frequently to be seen? * Dog * Cat * Horse * Cattle
Dog
105
Which one is the most dangerous mycotoxin? A. Aflatoxin B. Stachybotritoxin C. DON D. Zearalenon
A. Aflatoxin
106
Which one is diffuse purulent inflammation? a. Microabcess b. Pyoarthros c. Abcess d. Phlegmone
d. Phlegmone
107
Which can lead to autointoxication? (MPQ) A. Wet gangrene B. Hypotoxic Hepatopathy C. Constipation D. Snake bite E. Mycotoxin Ingestion
A. Wet gangrene C. Constipation E. Mocotoxin Ingestion
108
What is true for the cellular pathogenesis of tuberculosis? A. Mycobacteria provoke a quick initial immune response right after infection B. IL-12 produced by antigen presenting cells activates the Th-1 response C. IFN gamma gauses the suppression of the macrophage function D. Mycobacteria cause allergic reaction in the lung
B. IL-12 produced by antigen presenting cells activates the Th-1 response
109
Which bacterium causes endocarditis most offen? A. Erysipelotrix Rhusiopathiae B. Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis C. Fusobacterium Necroforium D. Brachyspira Hyodisenteriae
A. Erysipelotrix Rhusiopathiae
110
What is true for mycobacteria? A. They replicate inside macrophages B. They are faculative pathogens C. They are very sensitive for environmental conditions D. They are saprofitic bacteria
A. They replicate inside macrophages
111
Perl's reaction stains hemosiderin to A. Blue B. Black C. Green D. Brown
A. Blue
112
What is the most importaint celltype in the removal of necrotic skeletal muscle cells? A. Macrophage B. Neurophil Granulocyte C. Lymphocyte D?
B. Neurophil Granulocyte
113
Which one is a typical exogenous chemical causing developmental anomalies? A. Chemotherapeutic drugs B. Glucocorticoids C. Vitamin C D. Aspirin
A. Chemotherapeutic drugs
114
What is the origin of Langhans type giant cells? A. They are derived from pancreatic beta cells B. Fusion of activated macrophages C. Incompleete cell membrane and cytoplasm separation after cell division D. Endomitosis
B. Fusion of activated macrophages
115
What is true for an infarct? A. Widespread apoptosis occur in an organ B. It is a proliferative change C. Localized necrotic tissue D. It is the result of chronic inflamation
C. Localized necrotic tissue
116
A. Normal mitotic figures B. Abnormal mitotic figures C. Abnormal Apoptotic cells D. Normal Apoptotic Cells
B. Abnormal mitotic figures
117
What typically causes colliquation necrosis? A. Bacterial Toxins B. Burn C. Ischemia D. Strong alkalic PH
D. Strong alkalic PH
118

General Pathology (8 decks)

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