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Organ descriptions Flashcards

1
Q

Skin and fur
What do we examine

A

colour, pigmentation, soundness, continuity shortage (is it fresh or not, where it is, shape, size, length, width, depth, quality, base), grooming, contamination, ectoparasites, furless regions, etc.

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2
Q

What do we examine
Feet

A

Soundness, state of epidermoid formulas

(difference of shape, wounds)

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3
Q

Natural orifices

A

oral cavity
teeth
nostrils
ears
eye
anus
genital

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4
Q

Oral cavity
What do we examine

A

colour, soundness, moisture content

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5
Q

Description of normal organ
Oral cavity

A

pale greyishred, smooth, shiny, intact

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6
Q

Nostrils
What do we examine

A

contamination, state of mucous membrane

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7
Q

Ears
What do we examine

A

soundness of skin, contamination, quantity of cerumen/exsudate, ectoparasites

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8
Q

Eyes
What do we examine

A

closure of palpebral fissure, state of palpebrae, openability of palpebrae, conjuntiva (colour, wrinkles, moistness), cornea (transparency, soundness), sclera (colour), pupil (shape, size), iris (colour), palpation of the eyeball, location of eyeball

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9
Q

Eyes
Description of normal organ

A
  • conjunctiva: pale rosered, finely wrinkled, shiny from tears, intact
    cornea: convex, transparent, smooth, intact sclera: white
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10
Q

Anus
What do we examine

A

state of anal ring, openness, environment, patency (newborn)

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11
Q

Genitals
What do we examine

A

contamination, state of mucous membrane

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12
Q

Serous membranes in general
What do we examine

A

state of the parietal and visceral layers

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13
Q

Serous membranes in general
Description of normal organ

A

smooth, shiny, transparent

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14
Q

Navel (newborn)
What do we examine

A

dried, inflammatory processes

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15
Q

Subcutaneous connective tissue
What do we examine

A

colour, fat infiltration, soundness

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16
Q

Subcutaneous connective tissue
Description of normal organ

A

medium fat infiltration, colour is specific to species, intact

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17
Q

Peripheral blood
What to examine

A

colour, degree of clotting, covering-ability

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18
Q

Peripheral blood
Description of normal organ

A

dark red, covers the knife, well clotted

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19
Q

Lymph nodes
What do we examine

A

shape, size, colour, consistency, moveability in environment, cutsurface (CS): colour, structure, moisture content

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20
Q

Lymph nodes
Description of normal organ

A

normal shape and size, greyishwhite, firmly elastic, moveable in environment, cutsurface: pale greyishwhite, structure recognizable, medium moisture content

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21
Q

Skeletal muscle
What do we examine

A

development of the muscles, symmetry of the musculature, CS: colour, structure, moisture content, tearability

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22
Q

Skeletal
Description of normal organ

A

brownred, structure recognizable, medium moisture content, it can be torn with medium effort

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23
Q

Abdomen
What do we examine

A

state and palpation of abdominal wall, after opening: location of abdominal organs, free content of the cavity (quantity, quality), peritoneum

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24
Q

Abdomen
Description of normal organ

A

intact, medium tight, location of abdominal organs is normal, there is no pathologic free content in the cavity, the parietal and visceral layer is smooth, shiny, transparent

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25
Spleen What do we examine
shape, size, colour, capsule, consistency, CS: colour, structure, moisture content, scraping of pulp
26
Spleen Description of normal organ
normal shape and size, dark red, flaccid, wrinkled capsule, CS: dark red, structure recognizable, medium moisture content, the pulp can be scraped with medium effort su: light red, lengthwise elongated, cross- section is triangle shaped
27
Bile duct What do we examine Description of normal organ
patency patent
28
Stomach What do we examine
shape, fullness, content (quantity, quality, colour, smell, consistency, foreign bodies), mucous membrane (separately the fundus, pylorus and cardia region; colour, folds, soundness, folds can be smoothen or not, thickness), gastric lymph node
29
Stomach Description of normal organ
pars nonglandularis / pars esophagea (su): rectangular, white, finely wrinkled
30
Intestines What do we examine
fullness, content (quantity, quality, colour, consistency, foreign bodies), mucous membrane (colour, wrinkles, soundness, Peyer’s patches), mesenterial lymph nodes
31
Liver What do we examine
shape, size, colour, capsule, consistency, CS: colour, structure, moisture content, tearability, portal lymph node
32
Liver Description of normal organ
normal shape and size, brownred, smooth capsule, medium firm consistency, CS: brownred, structure recognizable, medium moisture content, it can be torn with medium effort su: light brownred
33
Gall bladder What do we examine
fullness, content (quantity of bile, colour, consistency), thickness of wall
34
Gall bladder Description of normal organ
Paperthick wall
35
Pancreas What do we examine
shape, size, colour, lobules, consistency, CS: colour moisture content
36
Pancreas Description of normal organ
su: fork-shaped, greyishyellow, infiltrated well with fat, loose structure, glandlike consistency
37
Kidney What do we examine
shape, size, colour, surface, consistency, CS: colour, structure, moisture content, pelvis, tearability of cortex, peel ability of the capsule
38
Kidney Description of normal organ
normal shape and size, brownred, smooth surface, firm, CS: the cortex is brownred, the medulla is pale gray to tan, the cortex and the medulla are well separated (normal cortex:medulla ratio: 1:2 to 1:3), medium moisture content, medium wide pelvis, the cortex can be torn with medium effort, the capsule can be peeled off easily
39
Kidney Ratio cortex:medulla
(normal cortex:medulla ratio: 1:2 to 1:3)
40
Adrenal gland Normal organ description
normal shape and size, CS: structure well recognizable, the cortex and the medulla are well separated (normal cortex:medulla:cortex ratio: 1:1-2:1, depending of the area of sectioning), medium moisture content
41
Adrenal gland Normal organ description
normal shape and size, CS: structure well recognizable, the cortex and the medulla are well separated (normal cortex:medulla:cortex ratio: 1:1-2:1, depending of the area of sectioning), medium moisture content
42
Adrenal gland ratio cortex:medulla
(normal cortex:medulla:cortex ratio: 1:1-2:1, depending of the area of sectioning)
43
Urinary bladder What to examine
shape, fullness, content (quantity and quality of urine, colour, consistency, uroliths), mucous membrane (colour, soundness), thickness of the wall
44
Genitals What do we examine
Male: testes (location, shape, size, consistency, surface, CS: colour, structure, moisture content), mucous membrane of prepuce, pathologic content, mucous membrane of penis, spermatic cord, accessory sex glands Female: state of vulva, location of uterus, mucous membrane of vagina and uterus, content of uteral cavity (quantity, quality), ovaries: shape, size, follicules, corpora lutea
45
Genitals Normal organ description
testis: in the scrotum, normal shape and size, tightly elastic, smooth and shiny surface, CS: bulging, finely uneven, shiny, structure recognizable
46
Thorax What to examine
shape, state of diaphragm, after opening: location of thoracic organs, free content of the cavity (quantity, quality), pleura
47
Thorax Normal organ description
diaphragm: tight, concave from abdomen pleura: smooth, shiny, transparent
48
Tongue What do we examine
shape, size, colour, mucous membrane, consistency, CS
49
Tongue Normal organ description
normal shape and size, flaccid, soft, intact mucous membrane, CS: structure of muscle recognizable, it can be torn with medium effort
50
Pharynx What do we examine?
content, mucous membrane, tonsils, orifice of esophagus and larynx
51
Esophagus What do we examine?
mucous membrane, content, width of lumen
52
Esophagus Normal organ description
mucous membrane: greyishwhite, longitudinal folds, shiny
53
Larynx What do we examine
laryngeal opening, mucous membrane, muscles, vocal cords, content
54
Trachea What do we examine
shape of cartilages, content, mucous membrane
55
Laryngeal and cervical lymph nodes What do we examine
shape, size, colour, consistency, moveability in environment, CS: colour, structure, moisture content
56
Thyroid gland What do we examine
shape, size, CS: colour, structure, moisture content
57
Thyroid gland Normal organ description
normal shape and size, dark brown, CS: dark brown, finely granular, shiny
58
Lungs What do we examine
shape, size, colour, surface (pleura), superficial and deep palpation, crepitation when cut, CS: colour, moisture content, air bubbles in fluid; parabronchial and mediastinal lymph nodes
59
Lungs Normal organ description
normal shape and size, pale brick red, smooth, shiny and transparent pleura, softly elastic superficial and deep consistency, crepitating when cut, CS: pale brick red, medium moisture content, medium airbubble content of the fluid
60
Bronchii What do we examine
content, mucous membrane, wall
61
Heart What do we examine
state of pericardium (soundness, transparency, fat infiltration, content); shape of heart, size (circumference, longitudinal size), state of epicardium, state of coronary and longitudinal grooves, coronary vessels; endocardium, width of ventricles, width of orifice of aorta and pulmonary trunk, valves (semilunar, bi- and tricuspid; soundness, thickness, free edge, moveability), state of chordae tendineae; thickness of heart muscle, papillary muscles, myocardium (colour, structure, moisture content, tearability)
62
Heart Normal organ description
valve: thin, membraneous, intact edge, they can be lifted up from their base chordae tendineae: tight, smooth surface, adhere well to papillary muscles pericardium: smooth, shiny, transparent, moderately infiltrated with fat epi- and endocardium: smooth, shiny, transparent myocardium: brownred, structure recognizable, medium moisture content, it can be torn with medium effort
63
Nasal cavity What do we examine
shape and size of the nasal conchae, mucous membranes, width of nasal cavity (both sides), septum
64
Brain What do we examine
shape of the calvaria (skullcap), thickness and structure of skull, state of periosteum and dura mater, weight of brain, height of gyri, depth of sulci, state of meninges, shape of brain, content of chambers (quantity, quality), state of ependyma, lesions in parenchyma of brain
65
Brain Normal organ description
Pachymeninx (dura mater): a thick, opaque layer Leptomeninges (arachnoid mater and pia mater): transparent, shiny, vessels are medium wide ependyma: greyishwhite, smooth, shiny
66
Spinal cord What do we examine
state of vertebrae, dura mater, subdural fluid (quantity, quality), shape deformities of spinal cord, lesions in parenchyma
67
Bone What do we examine
periosteum, shape, consistency, moveability, soundness, CS: cortical and spongious substances, bone marrow, epiphyseal cartilage in young animals, calcification zone
68
Joint What to examine
shape (compared with other side), consistency, moveability, content of joint cavity (quantity, quality), surface of cartilages, state of joint capsule’s synovial and fibrous layer
69
Joint Normal organ description
synovia: small amount, colourless/yellowish, slightly viscous
70
Tendon What do we examine
ladder, length, tightness, consistency, CS: structure
71
Middle and inner ear What do we examine
mucous membrane, content
72
Mammary gland/udder What do we examine
shape, size, skin on surface, regional lymph nodes, state of nipples (consistency, orifice of lactating duct, wounds, developmental anomalies), mucous membrane of pelvis and lactating duct, consistency of mammary gland, CS: colour, structure, moisture content
73
Mammary gland/udder Normal organ description
normal shape, normal size referring to functional state, flaccid/pliantly soft consistency, hard to cut (parenchyma moves away from knife), CS: yellowishwhite/pale rosered, shiny, well recognizable lobular structure, quality and quantity of content is normal referring to functional state

General Pathology (8 decks)

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