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General Pathology > Organ descriptions > Flashcards

Organ descriptions Flashcards

1
Q

Skin and fur
What do we examine

A

colour, pigmentation, soundness, continuity shortage (is it fresh or not, where it is, shape, size, length, width, depth, quality, base), grooming, contamination, ectoparasites, furless regions, etc.

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2
Q

What do we examine
Feet

A

Soundness, state of epidermoid formulas

(difference of shape, wounds)

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3
Q

Natural orifices

A

oral cavity
teeth
nostrils
ears
eye
anus
genital

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4
Q

Oral cavity
What do we examine

A

colour, soundness, moisture content

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5
Q

Description of normal organ
Oral cavity

A

pale greyishred, smooth, shiny, intact

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6
Q

Nostrils
What do we examine

A

contamination, state of mucous membrane

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7
Q

Ears
What do we examine

A

soundness of skin, contamination, quantity of cerumen/exsudate, ectoparasites

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8
Q

Eyes
What do we examine

A

closure of palpebral fissure, state of palpebrae, openability of palpebrae, conjuntiva (colour, wrinkles, moistness), cornea (transparency, soundness), sclera (colour), pupil (shape, size), iris (colour), palpation of the eyeball, location of eyeball

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9
Q

Eyes
Description of normal organ

A
  • conjunctiva: pale rosered, finely wrinkled, shiny from tears, intact
    cornea: convex, transparent, smooth, intact sclera: white
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10
Q

Anus
What do we examine

A

state of anal ring, openness, environment, patency (newborn)

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11
Q

Genitals
What do we examine

A

contamination, state of mucous membrane

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12
Q

Serous membranes in general
What do we examine

A

state of the parietal and visceral layers

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13
Q

Serous membranes in general
Description of normal organ

A

smooth, shiny, transparent

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14
Q

Navel (newborn)
What do we examine

A

dried, inflammatory processes

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15
Q

Subcutaneous connective tissue
What do we examine

A

colour, fat infiltration, soundness

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16
Q

Subcutaneous connective tissue
Description of normal organ

A

medium fat infiltration, colour is specific to species, intact

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17
Q

Peripheral blood
What to examine

A

colour, degree of clotting, covering-ability

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18
Q

Peripheral blood
Description of normal organ

A

dark red, covers the knife, well clotted

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19
Q

Lymph nodes
What do we examine

A

shape, size, colour, consistency, moveability in environment, cutsurface (CS): colour, structure, moisture content

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20
Q

Lymph nodes
Description of normal organ

A

normal shape and size, greyishwhite, firmly elastic, moveable in environment, cutsurface: pale greyishwhite, structure recognizable, medium moisture content

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21
Q

Skeletal muscle
What do we examine

A

development of the muscles, symmetry of the musculature, CS: colour, structure, moisture content, tearability

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22
Q

Skeletal
Description of normal organ

A

brownred, structure recognizable, medium moisture content, it can be torn with medium effort

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23
Q

Abdomen
What do we examine

A

state and palpation of abdominal wall, after opening: location of abdominal organs, free content of the cavity (quantity, quality), peritoneum

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24
Q

Abdomen
Description of normal organ

A

intact, medium tight, location of abdominal organs is normal, there is no pathologic free content in the cavity, the parietal and visceral layer is smooth, shiny, transparent

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25
Q

Spleen
What do we examine

A

shape, size, colour, capsule, consistency, CS: colour, structure, moisture content, scraping of pulp

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26
Q

Spleen
Description of normal organ

A

normal shape and size, dark red, flaccid, wrinkled capsule, CS: dark red, structure recognizable, medium moisture content, the pulp can be scraped with medium effort
su: light red, lengthwise elongated, cross- section is triangle shaped

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27
Q

Bile duct
What do we examine
Description of normal organ

A

patency
patent

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28
Q

Stomach
What do we examine

A

shape, fullness, content (quantity, quality, colour, smell, consistency, foreign bodies), mucous membrane (separately the fundus, pylorus and cardia region; colour, folds, soundness, folds can be smoothen or not, thickness), gastric lymph node

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29
Q

Stomach
Description of normal organ

A

pars nonglandularis / pars esophagea (su): rectangular, white, finely wrinkled

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30
Q

Intestines
What do we examine

A

fullness, content (quantity, quality, colour, consistency, foreign bodies), mucous membrane (colour, wrinkles, soundness, Peyer’s patches), mesenterial lymph nodes

31
Q

Liver
What do we examine

A

shape, size, colour, capsule, consistency, CS: colour, structure, moisture content, tearability, portal lymph node

32
Q

Liver
Description of normal organ

A

normal shape and size, brownred, smooth capsule, medium firm consistency, CS: brownred, structure recognizable, medium moisture content, it can be torn with medium effort
su: light brownred

33
Q

Gall bladder
What do we examine

A

fullness, content (quantity of bile, colour,
consistency), thickness of wall

34
Q

Gall bladder
Description of normal organ

A

Paperthick wall

35
Q

Pancreas
What do we examine

A

shape, size, colour, lobules, consistency, CS: colour moisture content

36
Q

Pancreas
Description of normal organ

A

su: fork-shaped, greyishyellow, infiltrated well with fat, loose structure, glandlike consistency

37
Q

Kidney
What do we examine

A

shape, size, colour, surface, consistency, CS: colour, structure, moisture content, pelvis, tearability of cortex, peel ability of the capsule

38
Q

Kidney
Description of normal organ

A

normal shape and size, brownred, smooth surface, firm, CS: the cortex is brownred, the medulla is pale gray to tan, the cortex and the medulla are well separated (normal cortex:medulla ratio: 1:2 to 1:3), medium moisture content, medium wide pelvis, the cortex can be torn with medium effort, the capsule can be peeled off easily

39
Q

Kidney
Ratio cortex:medulla

A

(normal cortex:medulla ratio: 1:2 to 1:3)

40
Q

Adrenal gland
Normal organ description

A

normal shape and size, CS: structure well recognizable, the cortex and the medulla are well separated (normal cortex:medulla:cortex ratio: 1:1-2:1, depending of the area of sectioning), medium moisture content

41
Q

Adrenal gland
Normal organ description

A

normal shape and size, CS: structure well recognizable, the cortex and the medulla are well separated (normal cortex:medulla:cortex ratio: 1:1-2:1, depending of the area of sectioning), medium moisture content

42
Q

Adrenal gland ratio cortex:medulla

A

(normal cortex:medulla:cortex ratio: 1:1-2:1, depending of the area of sectioning)

43
Q

Urinary bladder
What to examine

A

shape, fullness, content (quantity and quality of urine, colour, consistency, uroliths), mucous membrane (colour, soundness), thickness of the wall

44
Q

Genitals
What do we examine

A

Male: testes (location, shape, size, consistency, surface, CS: colour, structure, moisture content), mucous membrane of prepuce, pathologic content, mucous membrane of penis, spermatic cord, accessory sex glands

Female: state of vulva, location of uterus, mucous membrane of vagina and uterus, content of uteral cavity (quantity, quality), ovaries: shape, size, follicules, corpora lutea

45
Q

Genitals
Normal organ description

A

testis: in the scrotum, normal shape and size, tightly elastic, smooth and shiny surface, CS: bulging, finely uneven, shiny, structure recognizable

46
Q

Thorax
What to examine

A

shape, state of diaphragm, after opening: location of thoracic organs, free content of the cavity (quantity, quality), pleura

47
Q

Thorax
Normal organ description

A

diaphragm: tight, concave from abdomen
pleura: smooth, shiny, transparent

48
Q

Tongue
What do we examine

A

shape, size, colour, mucous membrane, consistency, CS

49
Q

Tongue
Normal organ description

A

normal shape and size, flaccid, soft, intact mucous membrane, CS: structure of muscle recognizable, it can be torn with medium effort

50
Q

Pharynx
What do we examine?

A

content, mucous membrane, tonsils, orifice of
esophagus and larynx

51
Q

Esophagus
What do we examine?

A

mucous membrane, content, width of lumen

52
Q

Esophagus
Normal organ description

A

mucous membrane: greyishwhite, longitudinal
folds, shiny

53
Q

Larynx
What do we examine

A

laryngeal opening, mucous membrane, muscles, vocal cords, content

54
Q

Trachea
What do we examine

A

shape of cartilages, content, mucous membrane

55
Q

Laryngeal and cervical lymph nodes
What do we examine

A

shape, size, colour, consistency, moveability in environment, CS: colour, structure, moisture content

56
Q

Thyroid gland
What do we examine

A

shape, size, CS: colour, structure, moisture content

57
Q

Thyroid gland
Normal organ description

A

normal shape and size, dark brown, CS: dark brown, finely granular, shiny

58
Q

Lungs
What do we examine

A

shape, size, colour, surface (pleura), superficial and deep palpation, crepitation when cut, CS: colour, moisture content, air bubbles in fluid; parabronchial and mediastinal lymph nodes

59
Q

Lungs
Normal organ description

A

normal shape and size, pale brick red, smooth, shiny and transparent pleura, softly elastic superficial and deep consistency, crepitating when cut, CS: pale brick red, medium moisture content, medium airbubble content of the fluid

60
Q

Bronchii
What do we examine

A

content, mucous membrane, wall

61
Q

Heart
What do we examine

A

state of pericardium (soundness, transparency, fat infiltration, content); shape of heart, size (circumference, longitudinal size), state of epicardium, state of coronary and longitudinal grooves, coronary vessels; endocardium, width of ventricles, width of orifice of aorta and pulmonary trunk, valves (semilunar, bi- and tricuspid; soundness, thickness, free edge, moveability), state of chordae tendineae; thickness of heart muscle, papillary muscles, myocardium (colour, structure, moisture content, tearability)

62
Q

Heart
Normal organ description

A

valve: thin, membraneous, intact edge, they can be lifted up from their base
chordae tendineae: tight, smooth surface, adhere well to papillary muscles
pericardium: smooth, shiny, transparent, moderately infiltrated with fat
epi- and endocardium: smooth, shiny, transparent
myocardium: brownred, structure recognizable, medium moisture content, it can be torn with medium effort

63
Q

Nasal cavity
What do we examine

A

shape and size of the nasal conchae, mucous membranes, width of nasal cavity (both sides), septum

64
Q

Brain
What do we examine

A

shape of the calvaria (skullcap), thickness and structure of skull, state of periosteum and dura mater, weight of brain, height of gyri, depth of sulci, state of meninges, shape of brain, content of chambers (quantity, quality), state of ependyma, lesions in parenchyma of brain

65
Q

Brain
Normal organ description

A

Pachymeninx (dura mater): a thick, opaque layer
Leptomeninges (arachnoid mater and pia mater): transparent, shiny, vessels are medium wide
ependyma: greyishwhite, smooth, shiny

66
Q

Spinal cord
What do we examine

A

state of vertebrae, dura mater, subdural fluid (quantity, quality), shape deformities of spinal cord, lesions in parenchyma

67
Q

Bone
What do we examine

A

periosteum, shape, consistency, moveability, soundness, CS: cortical and spongious substances, bone marrow, epiphyseal cartilage in young animals, calcification zone

68
Q

Joint
What to examine

A

shape (compared with other side), consistency, moveability, content of joint cavity (quantity, quality), surface of cartilages, state of joint capsule’s synovial and fibrous layer

69
Q

Joint
Normal organ description

A

synovia: small amount, colourless/yellowish, slightly viscous

70
Q

Tendon
What do we examine

A

ladder, length, tightness, consistency, CS: structure

71
Q

Middle and inner ear
What do we examine

A

mucous membrane, content

72
Q

Mammary gland/udder
What do we examine

A

shape, size, skin on surface, regional lymph nodes, state of nipples (consistency, orifice of lactating duct, wounds, developmental anomalies), mucous membrane of pelvis and lactating duct, consistency of mammary gland, CS: colour, structure, moisture content

73
Q

Mammary gland/udder
Normal organ description

A

normal shape, normal size referring to functional state, flaccid/pliantly soft consistency, hard to cut (parenchyma moves away from knife), CS: yellowishwhite/pale rosered, shiny, well recognizable lobular structure, quality and quantity of content is normal referring to functional state

General Pathology (8 decks)

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