Patho past Q Flashcards
1
Q
What kind of cause can delay the rigor mortis
A
Severe blood loss
2
Q
What is true for type II diabetes in humans
A
Is the most common type
3
Q
What is the main site of toxin elimination in the intestines
A
Colon
4
Q
What kind of material is used up first in the case of complete starvation
A
Glycogen
5
Q
How do we call the ability of a pathogen to decrease the fitness of the host
A
Virulence
6
Q
What is the synonym (same meaning) of the white thrombus?
A
Conglutination thrombus
7
Q
What is the synonym of algor mortis
A
cooling off
8
Q
Which one is the generall effect of a traumatic injury?
A
Traumatic shock
9
Q
What is the initial cause of diabetic autointoxication
A
Inability to take up and metabolize fat
10
Q
Which one is a chemical staining method for fats
A
Nile blue
11
Q
What cause can lead to colliquation necrosis
A
Strong alkalic PH
12
Q
How do we call the undigested non-food fragments and foreign bodies in the stomach
A
Conglobates
13
Q
In the case of coagulation necrosis what kind of cell do the preparations
A
Neutrophil Granulocyte
14
Q
How do we call the immature form of fibrous connective tissue
A
Angiofibroblast tissue
15
Q
How do we call the proliferation of the collagen fibers
A
Fibrosis
16
Q
In which organ should we expect catarrhal innflamation
A
Trachea
17
Q
How do we call the inflammation of Caecum?
A
Typhlitis
18
Q
Which layer must remain intact for scarless regeneration in the skin?
A
Stratum Germinativum
19
Q
In the case of fibrinoid necrosis, in which region of the blood vessels does the serum accumulate?
A
In the media
20
Q
20- The most frequent primary central nervous system tumor in dogs and cats.
A
Meningioma
21
Q
21- Mainly what kind of mycotoxins can cause kidney damage?
A
Ochratoxins
22
Q
22- Which term do we use for mesenchymal maligant tumors?
A
Sarcoma
23
Q
23- What is the pathology of suffocation?
A
All of the above ( dark, unclotted / petechial hemorrhages / acute lung hyperemia and edema )
24
Q
24- How do we call the hemorrhage in the uterus?
A
Metrorrhagia
25
25- Which form of glanders causes ulceration in the skin? In which species?
Chronic form in horse
26
26- Which statement is true for benign neoplasma?
Usually no recurrence
27
27- How do we call the proliferation of the collagen fibers?
Fibrosis
28
28- Which organs are primarily coloured in the case of porphyria?
Bones
29
29- When does the rigor mortis pass off in the skeletal muscles?
48-60 hours
30
30- Which one is a pathological multinucleated giant cell?
Langhans type giant cell
31
31- Putrefaction Is rapid in the case of ….
All of the above ( obese carcass – warm enviromental temp – hyperemic organs)
32
32- Which vitamin is essential to the formation of collagen fibers?
Vitamin C
33
33- What does hypertrophy mean?
Increase in size
34
34- What does hyperplasia mean?
Increase in number
35
35- Which cells are permanet (fix postmitotic) cells?
Neurons
36
36- Councilman-body is a form of …
Intracellular hyalinosis
37
37- How do we call the inflammation of the colon?
Colitis
38
38- Which features is true for apoptosis?
Often physiological (cell death)
39
39- Tartar can be formed in the …..
Oral cavity
40
40- Which on induces foreign body type granulomas?
Mycobacterium avium in birds
41
41- Ichorous inflammation is a synonym of …
inflammation. Putrefactive
42
42- Lumpy jaw is caused by …
Actinomyces bovis
43
43- Macroscopic iodine reaction. What kind of material can be visualized with this method?
Amyloid
44
44- What kind of lesion can be seen on the picture?
active hyperaemia (powerpoint of 16-17-18)
45
45- Pressure overload (valve defects in heart + narrowed orifices)
Hypertrophy (extra preload)
46
46- What kind of pathological process can be seen on the picture?
Developmental anomaly = cyclopia in form proboscis
47
47-
Actinomyces bovis
48
48- This tumor often produces parathormon-like peptid and causes hypercalcemia in dogs.
Not sure Perianal gland carcinoma
49
49- Which one is a tumor-LIKE lesion?
Intrapulpar haematoma
50
50- What kind of virus can cause cerebellar hypoplasia in kittens?
Parvovirus
51
51- Which term do we use for mesenchymal maligant tumors?
Sacroma
52
52- What is the pathology of suffocation?
All of the above (dark, unclotted – petechial hemorrhages – acute lung hyperemia and edema)
53
53- Which stainning method is used routinely in histopathology?
Haematoxylin and eosin
54
54- Which one can be a sign of cellular atypia?
Prominent nucleolus
55
55- What kind of histiocytic disease can resolve spontaneously?
Cutaneus histiocytoma
56
56- When does rigor mortis begin in the skeletal muscles?
2-4 hours
57
57- Which stainning method can be used to demonstrate glycogen?
PAS (periodic acid – schiff)
58
58- Intensive hemolysis causes … icterus
Prehepatic
59
59- Which one can cause caseation?
Tuberculosis
60
60- Which staining method can be used to demonstrate hemosiderin?
Perls prussian blue
61
61- Which listing is correct about granulomas?
Chronic process, macrophages predominate, circumscribed lesion
62
62- Which cells are labile (vegetative intermitotic) cells?
Surface epithelial cells
63
63- Which cell type predominates in the first 24-48 hours of acute inflammation?
Neutrophil granulocytes
64
64- Mucus is soluble in …
All of the above (alkalis / ethanol / acetic acid)
65
65- Which one is produced by the fibroblasts?
Both (collagen + elastin)
66
66- What kind of pathological process can be seen on the picture.
(not septicaemia – ureamia – uricosis ) p 1197 Icterus-jaundice
67
67- What kind of pathological process can be seen in the lungs?
Primary tumor (maligant tumor) HEMANGIOSARCOMA {Metatasis}
68
68- How do we call the spread of the pathological process to faraway organs?
Distant metastasis
69
69- What can be the cause of edema?
a) Decrease vascular permeability
b) Decrease hydrostatic pressure
c) Increase capacity of the lymphatic vessel
d) Decreased tissue tenssion
c) Increase capacity of the lymphatic vessel
d) Decreased tissue tenssion
70
70- Which infectious agent causes secondary immundeficiency in cats?
FIV
71
71- What kind of substance accumulates during icterus?
Bilirubin
72
72- How do we call the ability of the pathogen to decrease the fitness of the host?
Virulence
73
73- What can be the origin of a fat droplet embolus?
Form bone marrow after fracture
74
74- What is the main cause of water influx during cell injury?
a) Anaerob glycolysis
b) Rise in intracellular ca2+
c) Mitchondrial damage
d) Reduced na+/k+ ATP-ase function
d) Reduced na+/k+ ATP-ase function
75
75- How do we call the infection via the umbilical cord?
Omphalogen
76
76- Which one is a type II hypersensitivity reaction?
All (Haemolytic anaemias – erythroblastosis – blood transfusion reaction )
77
77- In which colour do we see the calcium in tissues with Kossa’s staining?
Black
78
78- Which species has uricase?
a) Western diamonback rattlesnake
b) Siberian tiger
c) Silverback gorilla
d) Harpy eagle
b) Siberian tiger
79
79- What kind of haemoglobin causes cherry pink discoloration of blood?
Carboxi-hemoglobin (CO-intoxication)
80
80- Which sequence is correct in the case of cellular events of acute inflammation?
Adhesion – transmigration - migration - activation
81
81- Where can we find APUD-amyloidosis?
Pancreas
82
82- What kind of hormone influence the melanin production in melanocyte?
ACTH ( TSH /FSH /LH)
83
83- How many cardinal signs of acute inflammation exist?
Five (5)
84
84- Which statement is true for mycobacterium bovis?
Can infect humans
85
85- This is the most frequent site of metastasis if the tumor originates from the intestines.
a) Kidney
b) Heart
c) Vertebrae?
d) Liver
d) Liver
86
86- This tumor has more than 2 germ layer elements.
Teratoma
87
87- Which actinobacillotic lesion can lead to wooden tongue?
Sclerotizing form
88
88- Which hormone stimulates fatty acid synthesis and storage?
Insulin
89
89- What are the elements of virchow’s traid?
Endothelial injury / abnormal blood flow / hypercoagulability (non of them)
90
90- Which term refers to the abnormal narrowing of a tubular organ?
Stenosis (congenital)
91
91- In which muscle type is complete regeneration possible?
Skeletal muscle
92
92- In which muscle type is complete necrosis possible?
Heart + smooth muscles
93
93- How would you describe the exudate in the case of purulent inflammation (except dogs)?
Not sure Greyish white, sour cream, viscous, turbid.
94
94- Which type of purulent inflammation is diffuse?
Phlegmone
95
95- Sclerosis is a special form of …
Reticulosis
96
96- Mummification is a form of …
Gangraena sicca
97
97- Cholelithiasis can cause … icterus.
Posthepatic
98
98- What can be the outcome of fibrinous inflammation?
Fibrinolysis
Organisation
Any of them
Non of them
Fibrinolysis
99
99- What can cause such lesion?
Lighting
100
100- What kind of lesion can be seen on the picture?
Anaemic infrarcts, kidney, swine
## Footnote
**Acute infracts**
101
101- What kind of process can be seen on the picture?
Hepatic autointoxication complications
**Liver Cirrhosis** (dog)
102
102- which post morten chnges csn be seen in the picture?
Putrefaction - Sulph-hemoglobin
103
103- What kind of pathological process can be seen on the picture?
Dry gangrena (Gangrena Sicca)
104
What can be seen on the picture?
Uricosis
105
What kind of pathological process can be seen on the picture?
Hypoplasia
106
104- what is true for endocarditis?
Mostly bacteria
107
105- what kind of cells form myoblasts after segmental skeletal muscle necrosis?
Satellite cells
108
106- which one of these is characteristic for the adaptive immunity?
Slower reaction at first
109
107- which one is a type IV hypersensitivity reaction?
Tuberculin test
110
108- what kind of virus can cause cerebellar hypoplasia in kittens?
Parvovirus
111
109- what is the synonym of red thrombus?
Coagulation thrombus
112
110- what pathological field determines the nature of death from a legal perspective?
Forensic pathology
113
111- which one is a maligant tumor?
Melanoma
114
112- mainly what kind of mycotoxins can cause estrogen syndrome in pigs?
Zearalenon
115
113- which layer must remain intact for scarless regenartion in the skin?
Stratum germinativum
116
114- what is the form of tuberculosis in carnivores?
Proliferative
117
115- which one is developmental anomaly?
Hypoplasia
118
116- putrefaction is rapid in the case of … all of the above ( obese crcass – warm temp – hyperemic organs)
all of the above ( obese crcass – warm temp – hyperemic organs)
119
117- which one is the virus family capable of tumor formation?
Retroviridae
120
118- which statement is true for benign neoplasms?
Usually no recurrence
121
119- what is true for hyalinosis?
Always stains homogenosuly pink with haematoxylin-eosin
122
120- which one is the circumsribed purulent inflammation?
Phlegmon
123
121- from which region should we collect samples for histopathology?
From the border of the normal and unhealthy part.
124
122- What can be the outcome of endocarditis?
Any of them (cradiac failure – septic thromboembolism)
125
123- Hepatocyte necrosis causes … icterus.
Hepatic
126
124- Alterative inflammation is a synonym of … inflammation.
Necrotizing
127
125- How would you describe the exudate in the case of purulent inflammation (exept dog)?
Turbid, greenish, smells badly
128
126- which one is the feature of both decreased and increased blood flow?
Swollen appearance
129
127- how do we call the process when one type of differentiated tissue becomes another differentiated type?
Metaplasia
130
128- how do we call the foregin body-type granuloma around uric acid precipitations?
Tophus
131
129- which agent can infect the intact skin?
Dermatophytes
132
130- what can predispose to heat loss at normal enviromental temperature?
Diarrhea
133
131- What is the reason behind glycogen accumulation in tumor cells?
Not sure Gylcogen storage diseases / increased activity
134
132- What is true for hyperkeratosis?
intense keratinisation in the str. corneum
135
133- What is the first step of fracture healing in bones if the ends are separated?
Haematoma
136
134- What is the normal ratio if ca phosphate and ca carbonate in bones?
9:1
137
135- Which connective tissue type has the worst regenerative capacity?
Cartilaginous tissue
138
136- What can lead for tumor formation?
Losing of apoptotic ability
139
137- What is the appearance of the 3rd-degree frostbite (congelatio escharotica)
Necrosis
140
138- How do we call the hemorrhage in the uterus?
Metrorrhagia
141
139- Which term refers to the abnormal narrowing of a tubular organ?
Stenosis (congenital)
142
140- Which one is a vertical infection?
Transplacental / intrauterine / ovogen
143
141- Which breed excretes high concentration of uric acid in their urine?
Dalmatian
144
142- Which factors can affect wound healing?
All above (location of the wound, blood supple- age, nutrition – infections, tumors)
145
143- Which morphological features are true for chronic inflammation?
All of the above ( mononuclear infiltration / replacement fibrosis / neoangiogenesis )
146
144-
Postmortal Soaking (– maceratio)
147
145- This tumor can appear because of viral oncogenesis.
Papilloma
148
146- What is the site of the primary tuberculotic lesion in swine?
GI tract
149
147- What is the color of mycobacteria with ziehl-neelsen stainings?
Red
150
148- Suppurative inflammation is a synonym of … inflammation.
Purulent
151
149-
**Septicaemia**- septic shock Severe spleen enlargment
152
150-
Porphyrias accumulate high metabolism
Abnormal metabolism
**Type of autointoxication Swine**
153
151-How would you decribe the exudate in case of serus inflammation?
Clear / transparent / yellowish
154
152- Which connective tissue type has the best regeneration capacity?
Collagen fibrous connective tissue
155
153- which one is a correlation type hypertrophy?
Hypertrophy of the parathyroid gland due to phosphate retention
156
154- how do we call stoppage of blood flow?
Hemostasis
157
155- which one incluces epitheloid type granulomas?
Mycobacterium bovis in cattle
158
156- which can lead to hypertrophy go the urinary bladders wall?
Enlarged prostate
159
1. How many cardinal signs of acute inflammation exist?
A: 4
160
Which statement is true for mycobacterium bovis?
A: can infect humans
161
3. How do we call the undigested non-food and foreign bodies in the stomach?
A: conglobates
162
4. Which hormone stimulates fatty acid synthesis and storage?
A: insulin (google)
163
5. What are the elements of Virchow’s traid?
A: endothelial injury – abnormal blood flow – hypercoagulability
164
6. Which staining method can be used to demonstrate glycogen?
A: PAS
165
7. What kind of substance accumulates during icterus?
A: bilirubin
166
8. How do we call the ability of the pathogen to decrease the fitness of the host?
A: virulence
167
9. What can be the origin of a fat droplet embolus?
A: bone marrow? (couldn’t see options)
168
10. How do we call the spread of the pathological process to faraway organs?
A: distant metastasis
169
11. What can be the cause of edema?
A: decreased tissue tension
170
12. Which infectious agent causes secondary immunodeficiency in cats?
A: FIV
171
13. Which term refers to the abnormal narrowing if a tubular organ?
A: stenosis
172
14. Which species has uricase?
A: tiger (mammals ex primates)
173
15. What kind of hemoglobin causes cherry pink discoloration of blood?
A: carboxy-haemoglobin
174
16. Lumpy jaw is caused by?
A: actinomyces bovis
175
17. In which muscle type is complete regeneration possible?
A: skeletal muscle
176
18. How would you describe the exudate in the case of purulent inflammation (except in dogs)?
A: greyish-white, sour cream -like, turbid
177
19. Sclerosis is a special form of
A: Reticulosis
178
20. Mummification is a form of
A: gangrene sicca
179
21. Mucus is soluble in
A: alkalis
180
22. Which sequence is correct in case if cellular events of acute inflammation?
A: adhesion – transmigration – migration – activation
181
23. Where can we find APUD- amyloidosis?
A: pancreas
182
24. What kind of hormone influence the melanin production in melanocytes?
A: ACTH
183
25. Cholelithiasis can cause …. Icterus
A: post-hepatic icterus
184
26. What can be the outcome of fibrinous inflammation?
A: any of them (fibrinolysis and organization)
185
27. Which feature is true for apoptosis?
A: often physiological
186
28. What can be the main cause of water influx during cell injury?
A: reduced Na+/K+ ATPase function
187
29. How do we call infection via the umbilical cord?
A: Omphalogenic
188
30. Which one is a type II. Hypersensitivity reaction?
A: blood transfusion reactions, erythroblastosis fetalis, and autoimmune hemolytic anemia
189
31. This tumor has more that 2 germ layer elements
A: teratoma
190
32. Which actinobacillotic lesion can lead to wooden tongue?
A: sclerotizing form
191
33. Which type of purulent inflammation is diffuse?
A: phlegmone
192
34. This is the most frequent site of metastasis if the tumor originates from the intestines?
A: liver
193
35. What kind of virus can cause cerebellar hypoplasia in kittens?
A: parvovirus
194
36. This tumor often produces parathormone-like peptide and cases hypercalcemia in dogs
A: Perianal gland carcinoma
195
37. Intensive hemolysis causes … icterus
A: prehepatic
196
38. Which one can cause caseation
A: tuberculosis
197
39. Which cell type predominates in the first 24-48 hours of acute inflammation?
A: neutrophil granulocytes
198
40. What is the pathology of suffocation?
A: all (Dark, unclotted blood, Petechial haemorrhages, Acute lung hyperaemia and oedema)
199
41. Which listing is correct about granulomas
A: chronic process, macrophage predominate, circumscribe lesion.
200
42. Which cells are labile (vegetative intermitotic) cells?
A: surface epithelial cells
201
43. Which term do we use for mesenchymal malignant tumors?
A: sarcoma
202
44. Which one is tumor-like lesion?
A: intrapulpar haematoma
203
45. Which staining method do we use to demonstrate hemosiderin?
A: perls, Prussian blue
204
46. When does rigor mortis begin in the skeletal muscle?
A: 2-4 hours
205
47. What kind of histolytic disease can resolve spontaneously?
A: cutaneus histiocytoma
206
48. Which can be a sign of cellular atypia?
A: prominent nucleolus
207
49. Which one is produced by fibroblasts?
A: both (collagen and elastin
208
50. Which staining method is used routinely in histopathology?
A: Hematoxylin and Eosin
209
51. Tartar can be formed in the?
A: oral cavity
210
52. Which one inducing foreign body type granuloma?
A: Mycobacterium avium
211
53. What is the main site of toxin elimination in the intestines?
A: colon
212
54. What kind of material is used up first in the case of complete starvation?
A: glycogen
213
55. Ichorous inflammation is synonym of … inflammation
A: putrefactive
214
56. What is the synonym of white thrombus?
A: conglutination thrombus
215
57. What is the synonym of algor mortis
A: cooling off
216
58. Which one is a general effect of traumatic injury?
A: traumatic shock
217
59. Which one is a pathological multinucleated giant cell?
A: Langhans type giant cell
218
60. Putrefaction is rapid in case of:
A: all (obese carcass,warm environmental temp, hyperaemic organs
219
61. In which organ should we expect catarrhal inflammation?
A: trachea
220
62. How do we call inflammation of the caecum?
A: typhlitis
221
63. Which layer must remain intact for scarless regeneration in the skin?
A: stratum germanitivum or basal
222
64. What do we call hemorrhage in the uterus
A: Metrorrhagia
223
65. Councilman-body is a form of
A: Intracellular hyalinosis
224
66. How do we call inflammation of the colon?
A: colitis
225
67. Which vitamin is essential to the formation of collagen fibers
A: vitamin C
226
68. What does hypertrophy means?
A: increase in size
227
69. Which cells are permanent (fix postmitotic) cells?
A: neurocytes, erythrocytes (neurons)
228
70. In the case of coagulation necrosis, what kind of cell can we…
A: neutrophil granulocyte
229
71. How do we call the immature form of fibrous connective tissue?
A: angiofibroblast tissue
230
72. What cause can lead to colliquation necrosis?
A: bacterial toxins (and autolysis)
231
73. How do we call the proliferation of the collagen fibers?
A: fibrosis
232
74. In the case of fibrinoid necrosis, in which region of the blood vessels does the serum accumulates?
A: in the media
233
75. What is the initial cause of diabetic autointoxication?
A: inability to take up and metabolize Glucose
234
76. Which one is a chemical staining method for fats?
A: nile blue
235
77. What kind of cause can delay rigor mortis?
A: severe blood loss
236
78. What is true for type II diabetes in humans?
A: it is the most common
237
79. Which form of glanders causes ulceration in the skin? In which species?
A: Chronic form, horse/donkey
238
80. Which statement is true for benign neoplasms?
A: usually no recurrence
239
81. When does rigor mortis pass off in the skeletal muscles?
A: 48-60 hours
240
82. The most frequent primary central nervous system tumor in dogs and cats
A: meningioma
241
83. Mainly what kind of mycotoxins can cause kidney damage?
A: ochratoxins
242
84. Which organs are primarily coloured in the case of porphyria?
A: bones
243
85. Which agent can infect the intact skin?
A: dermatophytes
244
86. What can predispose to heat loss at normal environmental temperature?
A: diarrhea
245
87. What can we call the process when one type of differentiated tissue becomes another differentiated type?
A: metaplasia
246
88. How do we call the foreign body-type granuloma around uric acid precipitations?
A: tophus
247
89. What is true for endocarditis?
A: mostly bacterial
248
90. What kind of cells form myoblasts after segmental skeletal muscle necrosis?
A: satellite cells
249
91. Alterative inflammation is a synonym of … inflammation
A: necrotizing
250
92. Hepatocyte necrosis causes … necrosis
A: hepatic
251
93. Which one is the feature of both decreased and increased blood flow?
A: swollen appearance
252
94. What is true for hyalinosis?
A: always stains homogenously pink with hematoxylin eosin
253
95. Which one is the circumscribed purulent inflammation?
A: abscess
254
96. How would you describe the exudate in case of serous inflammation?
A: clear, transparent, yellowish
255
97. What is the form of tuberculosis in carnivores?
A: proliferative
256
98. Which one is a developmental anomaly
A: hypoplasia
257
99. Which one is the virus family capable of tumor formation?
A: retroviridae
258
100. What is the synonym of red thrombus?
A: coagulation thrombus
259
101. Which one of these is characteristic for adaptive immunity?
A: slower reaction at first
260
102. Which one is a type IV. Hypersensitivity reaction?
A: tuberculin test
261
103. From which region should we collect samples for histopathology?
A: from the border of the normal and unhealthy part
262
104. Which pathological field determines the nature of death from a legal prespective?
A: forensic
263
105. Which one is a malignant tumor?
A: melanoma
264
106. Mainly what kind of mycotoxins can cause estrogen syndrome in pigs?
A: zearzalenon
265
107. What can be the outcome of endocarditis?
A: any of them (cardiac failure and septic thromboembolism
266
108. What is the first step of fracture healing in bones if the ends are separated?
A: haematoma
267
109. What can lead to tumor formation?
A: loosing of apoptotic ability
268
110. What is the appearance of the 3rd degree frostbite (congelation escharotica)?
A: necrosis
269
111. Which one is a vertical infection?
A: transplacental
270
112. What is true for hyperkeratosis?
A: thickening of the stratum corneum
271
113. Which hormone decreases the blood glucose level?
A: insulin
272
114. Which breed excretes high concentration of uric acid in their urine?
A: dalmatian
273
115. Which factors can affect wound healing?
A: all of the above (location of the wound, blood supply, age, nutrition, infections, tumors
274
116. Which morphological features are true for chronic inflammation?
A: all of the above (mononuclear infiltration, replacement fibrosis, neoangiogenesis
275
117. What is the reason behind glycogen accumulation in tumor cells?
A: increased activity
276
118. What is the normal ratio of Ca phosphate and Ca carbonate in bones?
A: 9:1
277
119. Which connective tissue type has the worst regenerative capacity?
A: cartilaginous tissue
278
120. Which one induces epitheloid type granulomas?
A: Mycobacterium bovis in cattle
279
121. Which one is a correlation type hypertrophy?
A: hypertrophy of the parathyroid gland due to phosphate retention
280
122. How do we call stoppage of blood flow?
A: hemostasis
281
123. This tumor can appear because of viral oncogenesis
A: papilloma?
282
124. What is the site of the primary tuberculotic lesion in swine?
A: gastrointestinal tract
283
125. What is the color of mycobacteria with ziehl-neelsen staining?
A: red
284
126. Suppurative inflammation is a synonym of … inflammation
A: purulent
285
127. Which connective tissue type has the best regeneration capacity?
A: collagen fibrous connective tissue
286
A: hemolysis → hemoglobinaemia= pigmentation caused by hemoglobin
287
A: Haemangiosarcoma
288
Which species has uricase?
Siberian tiger
289
What kind of haemoglobin causes cherry pink discoloration of blood?
Carboxy-haemoglobin (CO-intoxication, clearly visible in brain)
290
What kind of virus can cause cerebellar hypoplasia in kittens?
Parvovirus
291
Which term do we use for mesenchymal malignant tumors?
Sarcoma
292
What can be the origin of fat droplet embolus?
From bone marrow after fracture
293
Which cell predominates in the first 24-48 hours of acute inflammation?
Neutrophil granulocytes
294
How do we call the spread of the pathological process to faraway organs?
Distant metastasis
295
How do we call the proliferation of the collagen fibers?
Fibrosis
296
In which organ should we expect catarrhal inflammation?
Trachea (Respiratory tract (bronchi, nasal cavity, GI tract))
297
Which statement is true for Mycobacterium bovis?
Can infect humans
298
How do we call the undigested non-food fragments and foreign bodies in the stomach?
Conglobate
299
Which type of purulent inflammation is diffuse?
Phlegmone
300
Cholelithiasis can cause … icterus.
Posthepatic
301
Mummification is a form of
gangraena sicca
302
Mucus is soluble in
alkalis
303
Which staining method can be used to demonstrate hemosiderin?
Perls Prussian Blue
304
How many cardinal signs of acute inflammation exist?
4 or 5
305
How do we call the infection via the umbilical cord?
Omphalogenic
306
Which one is a Type II. Hypersensitivity reaction?
Haemolytic anaemia
307
What is the initial cause of diabetic autointoxication?
Inability to take up and metabolize glucose
308
Which one can be a sign of cellular atypia?
Prominent nucleous
309
Which staining method is used routinely in histopathology?
Haematoxylin and eosin
310
What cause can lead to colliquation necrosis?
Strong alkalic pH
311
How do we call the hemorrhage haemorrhage in the uterus?
Metrorrhagia
312
What kind of histiocytic disease can resolve spontaneously?
Cutaneus histiocytoma
313
What is the synonym of algor mortis?
Cooling off
314
What kind of hormone influence the melanin production in melanocytes?
ACTH
315
Which vitamin is essential to the formation of collagen fibers?
Vitamin C
316
Which hormone stimulates fatty acid synthesis and storage?
Insulin
317
Which statement is true for benign neoplasms?
Usually no recurrence
318
When does the rigor mortis pass off in the skeletal muscles?
48-60 Hours
319
Which one is a pathological multinucleated giant cell?
Osteoclast
320
How do we call the immature form of fibrous connective tissue?
Angiofibroblast tissue
321
In which muscle type is complete regeneration possible?
Any of these (skeletal, heart, smooth muscle)
322
Which feature is true for apoptosis?
Often physiological
323
Tartar can be formed in the
oral cavity
324
What is true for type II diabetes in humans?
It is the most common type
325
Which one is the second degree burn
combustio bullosa
326
A cutaneous horn is a form of …
hyperkeratosis
327
Which sequence is correct in the case of cellular events of acute inflammation?
Adhesion – transmigration – migration – activation
328
What can be the outcome of fibrinous inflammation?
Any of them (fibrinolysis, organisation)
329
What can lead to hyperhydration
too much infusion
330
What are the elements of Virchow’s triad?
Endothelial injury – abnormal blood flow – hypercoagulability
331
In case of coagulation necrosis, what kind of cell do the preparatio…..
neutrophil granulocyte
332
Sclerosis is a special form of
* fibrosis
* elastosis
* fibroelastosis
* reticulosis
• reticulosis
333
Alterative inflammation is a synonym of …. inflammation
* necrotizing
* ichorous
* purulent
* fibrinous
• necrotizing
334
In which organ can we find Councilman-bodies?
* kidney
* liver
* lung
* uterus
• liver
335
„Lumpy jaw“ is caused by…
* Actinobacillus lignieresii
* Actinomyces bovis
* Escherichia coli
* Bacillus anthracis
• Actinomyces bovis
336
How do we call the inflammation of the rectum?
* enteritis
* colitis
* typhlitis
* proctitis
• proctitis
337
Which cells are labile (vegetative intermitotic) cells?
* neurons
* hepatocytes
* renal tubular epithelial cells
* surface epithelial cells
• surface epithelial cells
338
How would you describe the exudate in the case of ichorous inflammation?
* clear, transparent, yellowish
* clear or yellowish, very viscous
* turbid, greenish, smells badly
* greyish-white, sour-cream like, turbid
• turbid, greenish, smells badly
339
Which one is produced by the fibroblasts?
* collagen
* elastin
* both of them above
* none of them above
• both of them above
340
Pseudomonas inflammation is a form of…. inflammation
* catarral
* ichorous
* purulent
* fibrinous
• purulent
341
Which one can cause caseation?
* selenium or vitamine E deficiency
* strong alkalic pH
* strong acidic pH
* tuberculosis
• tuberculosis
342
Mainly what kind of mycotoxins can cause kidney damage?
* aflatoxins
* ochratoxins
* ergot alkaloids
* zearalenon
• ochratoxins
343
What is the pathology of suffocation?
* dark, unclothed blood
* petechial hemorrhages
* acute lung hyperemia and edema
* all of the above
• all of the above
344
Which species can survive until chronic tuberculosis in organs develops?
* dog
* pig
* horse
* cattle
• cattle
345
Benign tumor of the cartilaginous tissue
* chondroma
* chondorsarcoma
* osteoma
* osteosarcoma
chondroma
346
There are no fresh lesions in the lymph nodes in this phase of tuberculosis
* primary phase
* chronic organic tuberculosis
* the early generalization
* the late generalization
• chronic organic tuberculosis
347
How do we call the feces in the case of gastric bleeding?
* melaena
* metrorrhagia
* hematemesis
* epistaxis
• melaena
348
This is the benign tumor of adipocytes
* fibroma
* myxoma
* lipoma
* liposarcoma
• lipoma
349
What is true for neoangiogenesis tumors?
* it is not necessary for growth
* it always provides sufficient nutrients for every part of the tumor • these are well-differentiated arteries and veins
* it gives opportunity for metastasis
• it gives opportunity for metastasis
350
When does the rigor mortis begin in the skeletal muscles?
* 10-15 min
* 30 min
* 2-4h
* 5-8h
• 2-4h
351
Mainly what kind of mycotoxins can cause skin necrosis?
* aflatoxins
* ochratoxins
* ergot alkaloids
• ergot alkaloids
352
How do we call the inflammation of the caecum?
* enteritis
* colitis
* typhlitis
* proctitis
• typhlitis
353
Layers of tubercle from inside to outside
* necrosis-lymphocytes, connective tissue, macrophages
* necrosis-macrophages, lymphocytes, connective tissue
* lymphocytes, connective tissue-necrosis-macrophages
* macrophages-necrosis-lymphocytes, connective tissue
• necrosis-macrophages, lymphocytes, connective tissue
354
What is true for endocarditis?
* we can see massive neutrophil migration
* it is the most common in the pulmonary valves
* most bacterial
* always leads to sudden death
• most bacterial
355
Which sequence is correct in the case of cellular events of acute inflammation?
* adhesion-transmigration-migration-activation
* adhesion-migration-transmigration-activation
* activation-adhesion-transmigration-migration
* adhesion-activation-transmigration-migration
• adhesion-transmigration-migration-activation
356
In which colour de we see the calcium in tissue with Kossa´s staining?
* green
* blue
* black
* red
• black
357
Increased erythrocytes diapedesis in inflammation is typical in this species
* cattle
* dog
* horse
* pig
• dog
358
Which appearance is true for gangrena sicca?
* soft
* greyish
* hard
* putrid smell
• hard
359
In the case of fibrinoid necrosis, in which region of the blood vessels does the serum accumulate?
* in the lumen
* in the intima
* in the media
* in the adventitia
• in the media
360
Which one induces epitheloid type granulomas?
* Mycobacterium bovis in cattle
* uric acid
* keratin
* Mycobacterium avian in birds
• Mycobacterium bovis in cattle
361
How do we call the foreign body-type granuloma around the uric acid precipitations?
* tophus
* typhus
* typhoid
* Paratyphus
• tophus
362
* What are the most endangered organs to UV rays?
* eyes and skin
* brain and skin
* kidneys and liver
* eyes and brain
• eyes and skin
363
* How de we call the ability of the pathogen to decrease the fittness of the host?
* infectivity
* pathogenicity
* virulence
* invasivity
• virulence
364
* What kind of substance accumulate during icterus?
* urea
* bilirubin
* hyaluronic acid
* creatin
• bilirubin
365
* Which one is a Type IV. hypersensitivity reaction?
* anaphylaxis
* haemolytic anaemia
* systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
* tuberculin test
• tuberculin test
366
* How do we call the lesion caused by a veterinarian?
* transplacental
* ovogenic
* iatrogenic
* omphalogenic
• iatrogenic
367
* What is the cause behind diabetic cataract?
* the increased glucose uptake
* the decreased polyol/alternative pathway
* the increased osmolarity of the lens
* the decreased osmolarity of the lens
• the increased osmolarity of the lens
368
* How do we call the mildest form of cellular disturbance in the water balance?
* cell swelling
* vacuolar degeneration
* hydropic degeneration
* vesicular degeneration
• cell swelling
369
* What kind of autointoxication causes gout?
* enterogenic
* due to abnormal metabolism
* due to stocked normal metabolism
* normal metabolites no excreted
• normal metabolites no excreted
370
* How do we call the process when there are a lot of bacteria in the circulation for a prolonged time?
* bacteremia
* septicaemia
* pyaemia
* viraemia
• septicaemia
371
* How do we call the accumulation of intermediate products?
* porphyria
* necrosis
* thesaurismosis
* ? fitness
• thesaurismosis
372
* What can be the cause of edema?
* decreased vascular permeability
* decreased hydrostatic pressure
* increased capacity of the lymphatic vessels
* decreased tissue tension
• decreased tissue tension
373
* How do we call the process when there is keratinization in the stratum spinosum?
* hypokeratosis
* hyperkeratosis
* parakeratosis
* dyskeratosis
• dyskeratosis
374
* Which discoloration is permanent?
* heamoglobin imbibition
* bile imbibition
* sulph-heamoglobin imbibition
* pseudomelanosis
• bile imbibition
375
* Which one is a Type III. hypersensitivity reaction?
* anaphylaxis
* heamolytic anemia
* systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
* tuberculin test
• systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
376
* Which one is the second degree test?
* combustio erythematosa
* combustio bullosa
* combustio escharotica
* carbonization
• combustio bullosa
377
* Which one is the feature of both decreased and increased blood flow?
* bright red color
* warm area
* bulish red color
* swollen appearance
• swollen appearance
378
* What is the main cause of water influx during cellular injury?
* anaerob glycolysis
* rise in intracellular Ca2+
* mitochondrial damage
* reduced Na+/K+ ATP-ase function
• reduced Na+/K+ ATP-ase function
379
* What kind of autointoxication causes gout?
* enterogenic
* due to abnormal metabolism
* due to stocked normal metabolism
* normal metabolites not excreted
• normal metabolites not excreted
380
* What kind of cause can delay the rigor mortis?
* high temperature
* prolongs muscular activity
* septicaemia
* severe blood loss
• severe blood loss
381
* The accumulation of this material can cause pseudoicterus
* dust
* iron
* silver
* karotin
• karotin
382
* Which one is a correlation type hypertrophy?
* hypertrophy of the kidney when the other one is damaged
* hypertrophy of the left ventricular wall in case of aortic stenosis
* hypertrophy of the parathyroid gland due to phosphate retention
* connective tissue proliferation in the liver in case of chronic inflammation
• hypertrophy of the parathyroid gland due to phosphate retention
383
* What can lead to hypertrophy go the urinary bladders wall?
* valvular defects of the heart
* septicaemia
* enlarged prostate
* gastric torsion
• enlarged prostate
384
Which one is the circumscribed purulent inflammation?
* phlegmon
* abscess
* granuloma
* tophus
• abscess
385
* What is the most severe form of exudative inflammation?
* serous
* fibrinous
* hemorrhagic
* ichorous
• ichorous
386
* Which cells are stable (reversible postmitotic) cell?
* neurons
* striated muscle cells
* basal layer of the epidermis
* real tubular epithelial cells
• real tubular epithelial cells
387
* A predilection site of haemangiosarcoma in dogs
* right auricle
* thymus
* femur
* brain
• right auricle
388
* Which actinobacillotic lesion can lead to wooden tongue?
* actinobacillotic nodule
* tumor like growth
* abscess formation
* sclerotizing form
• sclerotizing form
389
* The most frequent primary central nervous system tumor in dogs and cats.
* astrocytoma
* oligodendroglioma
* meningioma
* medulloblastoma
• meningioma
390
* Which one is an endogenous chemical?
* paraffin
* vaselin
* talcum
* cholesterol
• cholesterol
391
* Which one is a tumor-like lesion?
* intrapulpar haematoma
* adenoma
* tuberculum
* melanoma meningioma
• intrapulpar haematoma
392
* This tumor often produces parathormone-like peptide and causes hypercalcemia in dogs
* perianal gland carcinoma
* melanoma
* hepatocellular carcinoma
* squamous cell carcinoma
• perianal gland carcinoma
393
* Which one can be a sign of cellular atypia?
* invariable cell size
* decreased mitotic figures
* prominent nucleolus
* eosinophilia
• prominent nucleolus
394
* What is the difference between lymphoma and leukemia?
* lymphoma originates from the bone marrow/spleen and leukemia from other lymphoid tissue
* leukemia originates from the bone marrow/spleen and lymphoma from other lymphoid tissue
* leukemia is always T-cell type
* lymphoma is always B-cell type
• leukemia originates from the bone marrow/spleen and lymphoma from other lymphoid tissue
395
* Which staining method can be used to demonstrate glycogen?
* Haematoxylin and eosin
* Perls Prussian blue
* Giemsa
* PAS (Periodic acid-Schiff)
• PAS (Periodic acid-Schiff)
396
* Which breed excretes high concentrations of uric acid in their urine?
* American Pit Bull Terrier
* Dalmatian
* Rottweiler
* West Highland White Terrier
• Dalmatian
397
* What does hyperplasia mean?
* decrease in size
* increase in size
* decrease in number
* increase in number
• increase in number
398
* What is the site of the primary tuberculotic lesion in swine?
* lungs
* GI tract
* liver
* skin
• GI tract
399
* Which connective tissue type has the best regenerative capacity?
* collagen fibrous connective tissue
* elastic fibrous connective tissue
* cartilaginous tissue
* bone
• collagen fibrous connective tissue
400
What can be the outcome of fibrinous inflammation?
* fibrinolysis
* organisation
* any of them
* none of them
• any of them
401
* Councilman-body is a form of…
* physiological hyalinosis
* extracellular hyalinosis
* intracellular hyalinosis pg
* hematogenous hyalinosis
• intracellular hyalinosis pg
402
* Which one induces foreign body type granulomas?
* Myobacterium bovis in cattle
* fungi in swine
* Burkholderia mellei in equine
* Myobacterium avium in birds
• Myobacterium avium in birds
403
* Croupous and diphtheria inflammations are forms of…. inflammation
* catarrhal
* fibrinous
* ichorous
* purulent
• fibrinous
404
* Pyogenic bacteria can induce …. inflammation
* serous
* putrefactive
* catarrhal
* purulent
• purulent
405
* How do we call a venous infarct?
* infarceratio
* thrombosis
* embolism
* hemorrhagic infarct
• infarceratio
406
* Which one is a general effect of traumatic injury?
* traumatic shock
* tissue damage
* part of entry
* local lesion
• traumatic shock
407
* Which one of these is a characteristic for the adaptive immunity?
* nonspecific
* immediate reaction
* non memory
* slower reaction at first
• slower reaction at first
408
* Which one is not living, but is an infectious agent?
* prion
* bacteria
* parasite
* fungus
• prion
409
* Which agent can infect the intact skin?
* rabies virus
* Babesia spp
* Clostridium tetani
* Dermatophytes
• Dermatophytes
410
* Which one is a chemical staining method for fats?
* Sudan III
* Sudan black
* Oil-red-O
* Nile blue
• Nile blue
411
* Which layer must remain intact for scarless regeneration in the skin?
* stratum lucidum
* stratum granulosum
* stratum spinosum
* stratum gemanitivum
• stratum gemanitivum
412
* What is true for hyalinosis?
* always extracellular
* happens only because of the circulatory disturbance
* always deposits around blood vessels
* always stains homogeneously pink with hematoxylin-eosin
• always stains homogeneously pink with hematoxylin-eosin
413
* How do we call the process the one type of differentiated tissue becomes another differentiated tissue?
* atrophy
* hyperplasia
* metaplasia
* transformation
• metaplasia
414
* What is true for allomorphia?
* permanent change
* change in cell type
* abnormal tissue in a certain place
* change in size
• permanent change
415
* Which one is a circumscribed purulent inflammation?
* phlegmon
* abscess
* granuloma
* tophus
• abscess
416
* What is essential for cirrhosis?
* acute severe injury
* toxin producing bacteria
* inadequate blood supply
* chronic, long lasting injury
• chronic, long lasting injury
417
* What is the form of tuberculosis in carnivores?
* exudative
* proliferative
* tubercle formation
* paratubercle
• proliferative
418
* Which organs are primarily colored in the case of porphyria?
* cartilages
* bones
* tendons
* ligament
• bones
419
* Which one is a vertical infection?
* General
* transplacental
* omphalogenic
* iatrogenic
• transplacental
420
* Which from of glanders causes ulceration in the skin? in Which species?
* acute form in horses
* chronic form in horse
* acute form in donkey
* chronic form in donkey
• chronic form in horse
421
* Which pathological fiel determines the nature of death from a legal perspective?
* diagnostic
* forensic
* surgical
* experimental
• forensic
422
* What is the appearance of the 3rd-degree frostbite (congelatio escharotica)?
* wet gangrene
* necrosis
* vesication, edema
* bluish-red, swollen
• necrosis
423
* Which cells are permanent (fix postmitotic) cells?
* neurons
* hepatocytes
* renal tubular epithelial cells
* surface epithelial cells
• neurons
424
* Which listing is correct about granulomas?
* acute process, macrophages predominate, diffuse lesion
* chronic process, macrophages predominate, circumscribed lesion
* acute process, macrophages predominate, circumscribed lesion
* chronic process, macrophage predominate, diffuse lesion
• chronic process, macrophages predominate, circumscribed lesion
425
* A cutaneous lesion is a form of…
* hypokeratosis
* hyperkeratosis
* parakeratosis
* dyskeratosis
• hyperkeratosis
426
* What does hypertrophy mean?
* decrease in size
* increase in size
* decrease in number
* increase in number
• increase in size
427
* Hepatocyte necrosis causes… icterus
* prehepatic
* hepatic
* posthepatic
* any of the above
• hepatic
428
* How do we call the inflammation of the small intestine?
* enteritis
* colitis
* typhlitis
* proctitis
• enteritis
429
* Intensive hemolysis causes… icterus
* prehepatic
* hepatic
* posthepatic
* any of the above
• prehepatic
430
* Which one is a benign tumor?
* lymphoma
* melanoma
* granuloma
* papilloma
• papilloma
431
How do we call the inflammation of the colon?
* enteritis
* colitis
* typhlitis
* proctitis
• colitis
432
* Pseudomembranous inflammation is a from of… inflammation
* catarrhal
* ichorous
* purulent
* fibrinous
• fibrinous
433
* Alterative inflammation is a synonym of… inflammation
* necrotizing
* ichorous
* purulent
* fibrinous
• necrotizing
434
* How do we call the most severe form of cellular disturbance in the water balance?
* cell swelling
* vacuolar degeneration
* ?
* ?
• vacuolar degeneration
435
* Mucus is soluble in…
* alkalis
* ethanol
* acetic acid
* all of them above
• alkalis
436
* Ichorous inflammation is a synonym of… inflammation
* serous
* putrefactive
* catarrhal
* purulent
• putrefactive
437
* Mainly what kind of mycotoxins can cause kidney damage?
* aflatoxins
* ochratoxins
* ergot alkaloids
* zearalenon
• ochratoxins
438
* Which term refers to the abdominal narrowing of a tubular organ?
* stenosis
* atresia
* schisis
* aplasia
• stenosis
439
* Putrefaktion is rapid in case of…
* obese carcass
* warm environmental temperature
* hyperemic organs
* all of the above
• all of the above
440
* Mainly which mycotoxins can cause hepatocellular carcinoma in humans?
* aflatoxins
* ochratoxins
* ergot alkaloids
* zearalenon
• aflatoxins
441
* Which one is a tumor-like lesion?
* intrapulpar haematoma
* adenoma
* tuberculum
* melanoma
• intrapulpar haematoma
442
* What are the elements of Virchow´s triad?
* hepatic artery-portal vein-bile duct
* brain-heart-lung
* endothelial-injury-abnormal blood flow-hypercoagulability
* none of the above
• endothelial-injury-abnormal blood flow-hypercoagulability
443
* This is the most frequent site of metastasis if the tumor originates from the intestine
* kidney
* heart
* vertebrae
* liver
• liver
444
* How do we call the stoppage of blood flow?
* hemostasis
* peristasis
* prehemostasis
* posthemostasis
• hemostasis
445
Which portion of the nerve system is capable of regeneration?
* neurons in the brain
* nerve fiber in the brain
* neurons in ganglia
* nerve fibers in the periphery
• nerve fibers in the periphery
446
* Which one induces epitheloid type granulomas?
* Mycobacterium bovis in cattle
* uric acid
* keratin
* Myobacterium avium in birds
• Mycobacterium bovis in cattle
447
* What is essential for cirrhosis?
* acute severe injury
* toxin producing bacteria
* inadequate blood supply
* chronic, long lasting injury
• chronic, long lasting injury
448
* Which infectious agent causes secondary immunodeficiency in cats?
* CHV
* FIP
* EBL
* FIV
• FIV
449
* What is the main site of toxin elimination in the intestine?
* duodenum
* jejunum
* ileum
* colon
• colon
450
* What kind of material is used up first in the case of complete starvation?
* glycogen
* fat
* proteins
* lipids
• glycogen
451
• How do we call the infection of the umbilical chord
Omphalogen?
↳ e. co-' Salmonella
452
Where can we find APUD—amyloidosis?
* spleen
* liver
* pancreas
* kidneys
• pancreas
453
* Which cells are stable (reversible postmitotic) cell?
* neurons
* striated muscle cells
* basal layer of the epidermis
* renal tubular epithelial cells
• renal tubular epithelial cells
454
* Which hormone decrease the blood glucose level?
* glucagon
* epinephrine
* insulin
* cortisol
• insulin
455
What are the elements of Virchow’s Triad?
Endothelial injury, abnormal blood flow, hypercoagulability.
456
Which staining method can be used to demonstrate glycogen?
PAS (Periodic acid-Schiff).
457
Which term refers to the abnormal narrowing of a tubular organ?
Stenosis.
458
In which colour do we see the calcium in tissues with Kossa’s staining?
Black.
459
Which species has uricase?
.Siberian Tiger. Not present in reptiles, birds or primates
460
What kind of haemoglobin causes cherry pink discolouration of blood?
Carboxi-haemoglobin.
461
What kind of substance accumulates during icterus?
Bilirubin.
462
How do we call the ability of the pathogen to decrease the fitness of the host?
Virulence
463
What can be the origin of a fat droplet embolus?
A solid mass or gas bubble of either internal or external origin carried by the bloodstream sticks in a narrower blood vessel
464
This is the most frequent site of metastasis if the tumor originates from the intestines.
Liver
465
What kind of virus can cause cerebellar hypoplasia in kittens?
Parvovirus.
466
This tumor often produces parathormone-like peptide and causes hypercalcaemia in dogs.
Perianal gland carcinoma/mediastinal lymphoma.
467
How do we call the spread of the pathological process to faraway organs?
Distant metastasis.
468
What can be the cause of edema?
Decreased tissue tension.
469
Which infectious agent causes secondary immunodeficiency in cats?
FIV.
470
Which statement is true for myobacterium bovis?
It can infect humans.
471
What do we call the non-digested food fragments and foreign bodies in the stomach?
Conglobates.
(Zootrichobezoar = knotted animal hair, Phytotrichobezoar = knotted plant elements, Concretion = lithiasis, calculus formations).
472
How would you describe the exudant in the case of purulent inflammation (except in dogs)?
Greyish-white, sour cream-like, turbid.
473
Which type of purulent inflammation is diffuse?
Phlegmone.
474
Sclerosis is a special form of?.
Reticulosis
475
This tumor has more than two germ layer elements.
Teratoma: ecto-, meso-, and endoderm.
476
Which actinbacillotic lesion can lead to wooden tongue?
Sclerotising form.
477
Which hormone stimulates fatty acid synthesis and storage?
Insulin
478
Which sequence is correct in the case of cellular events of acute inflammation?
Adhesion, transmigration, migration, activation.
479
Where can we find APUD- amyloidosis?
Pancreas.
480
Cholelithiasis can cause ... icterus?
Posthepatic.
481
What can be the outcome of fibrinous inflammation?
Both fibrinolysis and organisation.
482
Which feature is true for apoptosis?
Cell size shrinks, Nucleus breaks into fragments, cell membrane remains intact but with a different structure, cell organelles remain intact inside apoptotic bodies, no inflammation.
483
Mummification is a form of?
Gangrena sicca.
484
Mucus is soluble in?
Alkali.
485
How many cardinal signs of acute inflammation exist?
Four = Rubor, Tumor, Calor, Dolor.
486
What is the main cause of water influx during cell injury?
Reduced Na+/K+ ATPase function.
487
Which one is a type II hypersensitivity reaction?
Haemolytic anaemias.
488
What kind of hormone influences the melanin production in melanocytes?
MSH, ACTH.
489
What is true for endocarditis?
Most bacterial.
490
‘Lumpy jaw’ is caused by?
Actinomyces bovis.
491
In which muscle type is complete regeneration possible?
Skeletal muscle. (Smooth and cardiac muscle = complete necrosis).
492
Alterative inflammation is a synonym of..?
Necrotizing.
493
In which organ can you find the Councilman-bodies?
Liver.
494
How do we call the inflammation of the rectum?.
Proctitis
495
Which cells are labile (vegetative intermitotic) cells?
Surface epithelial cells.
496
How would you describe the exudate in the case of ichorous inflammation?
Turbid, greenish, smells bad.
497
Which is produced by fibroblasts?
Elastin and collagen.
498
Pseudomonas inf;ammation is a form of...inflammation?
Purulent inflammation.
499
Which one can cause caesation?
Tuberculosis.
500
Mainly what kind of mycotoxins can cause kidney damage?
Ochratoxins.
501
What is the pathology of suffocation?
Dark, unclothed blood, petechial hemorrhages, acute lung hyperemia and edema
502
Which species can survive until chronic tuberculosis in organs develops?
Cattle
503
Benign tumor of the cartilaginous tissue?
Chondroma.
504
There are no fresh lesions in the lymph nodes in this phase of tuberculosis.
Chronic organic tuberculosis.
505
How do we call the feces in the case of gastric bleeding?
Hematemesis.
## Footnote
(Melaena = bloody feces due to enterorrhagia, Metrorrhagia = hemorrhage in the uterus, Epistaxis = nosebleed).
506
This is the benign tumor of adipocytes.
Lipoma.
(Fibroma = tumor of fibrocytes, Myxoma = Gelatinous connective tissue, fibroblast/fibrocyte origin, Liposarcoma = malignant tumor of adipose tissue).
507
What is true for neoangiogenesis tumors?
It gives opportunity for metastasis.
508
When does the rigor mortis begin in the skeletal muscles?
2-4 hours.
(5-8h = becomes general, 24-48h = starts to disappear, 48-60h = passes off).
509
Mainly what kind of mycotoxins can cause skin necrosis?
Ergot alkaloids.
510
How do we call the inflammation of the caecum?
Typhlitis
(Enteritis = small intestine, Colitis = colon, Proctitis = rectum).
511
Layers of tubercle from inside to outside.
Necrosis-macrophages, lymphocytes, connective tissue.
512
Increased erythrocytes diapedesis in inflammation is typical in this species
Dog.
513
Which appearance is true for gangrena sicca?
Hard.
514
In the case of fibrinoid necrosis, in which region of the blood vessels does the serum accumulate?
In the media.
515
Which one induces epithelioid type granulomas?
Mycobacterium bovis in cattle.
516
How do we call the foreign body-type granuloma around the uric acid precipitations?
Tophus.
517
What are the most endangered organs to UV rays?
Eyes and skin.
518
How do we call the lesion caused by a veterinarian?
Iatrogenic.
519
What is the cause behind diabetic cataract?
The increased osmolarity of the lens.
(the decreased glucose uptake, the increased polyol/alternative pathway).
520
How do we call the mildest form of cellular disturbance in the water balance?
Cell swelling.
(Then vacuolar degeneration, hydropic degeneration, vesicular degeneration).
521
What kind of autointoxication causes gout?
Normal metabolites are not excreted.
522
How do we call the process when there are a lot of bacteria in the circulation for a prolonged time?
Septicaemia.
(Bacteremia = bacteria in low numbers only temporarily, Pyaemia = pus into circulation and content of abscess gets into circulation, Viraemia = free or cell associated).
523
How do we call the accumulation of intermediate products?
Thesaurismosis
524
How do we call the process when there is keratinization in the stratum spinosum?
Dyskeratosis.
(Hypokeratosis = rare, starvation, Hyperkeratosis = thickening of stratum corneum and complete cornification process, Parakeratosis = thickening of stratum corneum and incomplete cornification process).
525
Which discoloration is permanent?
Bile imbibition
526
Which one is the second degree test?
Combustio bullosa.
(Combustio erythematosa = first degree, Combustio escharotica = third degree, Carbonization = fourth degree).
527
Which one is the feature of both decreased and increased blood flow?
Swollen appearance
528
What kind of cause can delay the rigor mortis?
Severe blood loss
529
The accumulation of this material can cause pseudoicterus
Karotin
530
Which one is a correlation type hypertrophy?
Hypertrophy of the parathyroid gland due to phosphate retention
531
What can lead to hypertrophy going to the urinary bladders wall?
Enlarged prostate
532
Which one is the circumscribed purulent inflammation?
Phlegmon
533
What is the most severe form of exudative inflammation?
Ichorous
534
Which cells are stable (reversible postmitotic) cells?
Real tubular epithelial cells
535
A predilection site of hemangiosarcoma in dogs
Right auricle
536
The most frequent primary central nervous system tumor in dogs and cats.
Meningioma
537
Which one is an endogenous chemical?
Cholesterol
538
Which one is a tumor-like lesion?
Intrapulpal haematoma
539
This tumor often produces parathormone-like peptide and causes hypercalcemia in dogs
Perianal gland carcinoma
540
Which one can be a sign of cellular atypia?
Eosinophilia
541
What is the difference between lymphoma and leukemia?
Leukemia originates from the bone marrow/spleen and lymphoma from other lymphoid tissue
542
Which breed excretes high concentrations of uric acid in their urine?
Dalmatian
543
What does hyperplasia mean?
Increase in number
544
What is the site of the primary tuberculotic lesion in swine?
Lungs
545
Which connective tissue type has the best regenerative capacity?
Collagen fibrous connective tissue
546
What can be the outcome of fibrinous inflammation?
Any of them
547
Councilman-body is a form of...
Intracellular hyalinosis
548
Which one induces foreign body type granulomas?
Mycobacterium avium in birds
549
Croupous and diphtheria inflammations are forms of....
Inflammation Fibrinous
550
Pyogenic bacteria can induce .... inflammation
Purulent
551
How do we call a venous infarct?
Infarceratio
552
Which one is a general effect of traumatic injury?
Traumatic shock
553
Which one of these is a characteristic for the adaptive immunity?
Slower reaction at first
554
100. Which one is not living, but is an infectious agent?
Prion
555
101. Which agent can infect the intact skin?
Dermatophytes
556
102. Which one is a chemical staining method for fats?
Nile blue
557
103. Which layer must remain intact for scarless regeneration in the skin?
Stratum germinativum
558
104. What is true for hyalinosis?
Always stains homogeneously pink with hematoxylin-eosin
559
105. How do we call the process the one type of differentiated tissue becomes another differentiated tissue?
Metaplasia
560
What is true for allomorphia?
Permanent change
561
107. What is essential for cirrhosis?
Chronic, long lasting change
562
108. What is the form of tuberculosis in carnivores?
Proliferative
563
109. Which organs are primarily colored in the case of porphyria?
Bones
564
110. Which one is a vertical infection?
Transplacental
565
111. Which form of glanders causes ulceration in the skin? in Which species?
Chronic form in horse
566
112. Which pathological fiel determines the nature of death from a legal perspective?
Forensic
567
113. What is the appearance of the 3rd-degree frostbite (congelatio escharotica)?
Necrosis
568
114. Which cells are permanent (fix postmitotic) cells?
Neurons
569
115. Which listing is correct about granulomas?
Chronic process, macrophages predominate, circumscribed lesion
570
116. A cutaneous lesion is a form of...
Hyperkeratosis
571
117. What does hypertrophy mean?
Increase in size
572
Hepatocyte necrosis causes... icterus
Hepatic
573
119. How do we call the inflammation of the small intestine?
Enteritis
574
120. Intensive hemolysis causes... icterus
Prehepatic
575
121. Which one is a benign tumor?
Papilloma
576
122. How do we call the inflammation of the colon?
Colitis
577
Pseudomembranous inflammation is a from of... inflammation
Fibrinous
578
124. What do we call the most severe form of cellular disturbance in the water balance?
Vacuolar degeneration
579
125. Ichorous inflammation is a synonym of... inflammation
Putrefactive
580
126. Mainly what kind of mycotoxins can cause kidney damage?
Ochratoxins
581
127. Putrefaction is rapid in case of...
Obese carcass, warm environmental temperature, hyperemic organs
582
128. Mainly which mycotoxins can cause hepatocellular carcinoma in humans?
Aflatoxin
583
129. Which one is a tumor-like lesion?
Intrapulpal haematoma
584
130. What are the elements of Virchow ́s triad?
None of the above
| (hepatic artery-portal vein-bile duct, brain-heart-lung, endothelial-injury-abnormal blood flow-hypercoagulability)
585
131. How do we call the stoppage of blood flow?
Hemostasis
(1. Prehemostasis = blood flow slows down, 2. Hemostasis = stop the blood flow, 3. Posthemostasis = start of the blood flow, 4. Peristasis = slow blood flow).
586
132. Which portion of the nerve system is capable of regeneration?
Nerve fibers in the periphery
587
133. What is the main site of toxin elimination in the intestine?
Colon
588
134. What kind of material is used up first in the case of complete starvation?
Glycogen
589
135. How do we call the infection of the umbilical cord?
Omphalogen - e. Coli, Salmonella
590
136. Where can we find APUD— amyloidosis?
## Footnote
Liver
591
137. Which cells are stable (reversible postmitotic) cells?
Renal tubular epithelial cells
592
138. Which hormone decreases the blood glucose level?
Insulin
