Path2 Flashcards
Granulomatous Diseases.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Fungal infections Treponema pallidum (syphilis) M. leprae Bartonella henselae Sarcoidosis Crohn's disease Granulomatosis w/ polyangiitis (Wegener's) Churg-Strauss syndrome Berylliosis, Silicosis
What are the characteristics of Transudate?
Hypocellular
Protein poor
Specific gravity < 1.012
What are the characteristics of Exudate?
Cellular
Protein Rich
Specific gravity > 1.020
Transudate is due to:
INcreased Hydrostatic Pressure
DEcreased Oncotic Pressure
Na+ retention
Exudate is due to:
Lymphatic obstruction
Inflammation
Explain Erythrocyte Sedimentation.
Products of inflammation coat RBCs and causes Aggregation
When aggregated, RBCs fall at a faster rate within the test tube
What things are associated with an INcreased ESR?
Infections Inflammation (e.g., temporal arteritis) Cancer Pregnancy SLE
What things are associated with a DEcreased ESR?
Sickle cell (altered shape)
Polycythemia (too many)
CHF (unknown)
What is the mechanism of Iron poisoning?
Cell death due to Peroxidation of Membrane Lidips
*one of the leading causes of fatality from toxicologic agents in children
What are the symptoms of Iron poisoning? (acute & chronic)
Acute - Gastric Bleeding
Chronic - Metabolic acidosis, Scarring leading to GI obstruction
Tumor Grade.
Degree of cellular differentiation based on Histologic appearance of individual tumor
Graded 1-4:
- 1 = low grade
- 4 = high grade
Is a low grade tumor poorly differentiated or well differentiated?
Well differentiated
high grade = poorly differentiatied
Tumor Staging.
Degree of localization/spread based on site and size of 1˚ lesion.
TNM staging system (Stage = Spread)
- T = Tumor size
- N = Node involvement
- M = Metastases
What has a more prognostic value (Grade/Stage)?
Stage
