Path1 Flashcards
what are the phases of apoptosis?
1-Cell shrinkage 2-Nuclear shrinkage (pyknosis) & Basophilia 3-Membrane blebbling 4-Nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis) 5-Formation of apoptotic bodies 6-Phagocytosis (No inflammation)
What are the two Extrinsic Pathways of Apoptosis?
Ligand Receptor Interactions
- Fas ligand binding to Fas [CD95]
Immune Cell
- Cytotoxic T-cell release of Perforin & Granzyme B
What are the types of Necrosis?
Coagulative Liquefactive Caseous Fatty Fibrinoid Gangrenous
What are of the BRAIN is susceptible to hypoxia and ischemia/infarction?
ACA/MCA/PCA boundary areas
What are of the HEART is susceptible to hypoxia and ischemia/infarction?
Subendocardium (Left Ventricle)
What are of the KIDNEY is susceptible to hypoxia and ischemia/infarction?
Straight segment of Proximal Tubule (medulla)
Thick ascending limb (medulla)
What are of the LIVER is susceptible to hypoxia and ischemia/infarction?
Area around Central Vein (zone III)
What are of the is susceptible to hypoxia and ischemia/infarction?
Splenic Flexure
Rectum
Where do RED (hemorrhagic) infarcts occur?
Loose tissues with collaterals - Liver - Lungs - Intestine or following reperfusion
Where do PALE (white) infarcts occur?
Solid tissues with single blood supply
- Heart
- Kidney
- Spleen
Signs of Hypovolemic/Cardiogenic SHOCK?
Low-output failure
INcreased TPR
Low cardiac output
Cold, Clammy (Vasoconstriction)
Signs of Septic SHOCK?
High-output failure
DEcreased TPR
Dilated arterioles, High venous return
Hot (Vasodilation)
What are the 4 stages of leukocyte extravasation?
1-Rolling
2-Tight binding
3-Diapedesis
4-Migration
What is involved in the Rolling stage of leukocyte extravasation?
Vasculature/Stroma:
- E-selectin
- P-selectin
Leukocyte
- Sialyl-Lewis
What is involved in the Tight Binding stage of leukocyte extravasation?
Vasculature/Stroma:
- ICAM-1
Leukocyte:
- LFA-1 (“integrin”)
