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year 2 > Path- head and neck > Flashcards

Path- head and neck Flashcards

1
Q

Peridontitis

A

inflammation involving peridontal ligs, alveolar bone, cementum
-Associations: DM, HIV/AIDS, granulocyte problems

-Morphology: alveolar bone; ligaments destroyed

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2
Q

Aphthous Ulcer (canker sore)

A
  • Associations: Diet, GI disease- Celiac; AI disease- SLE, HIV
  • Morphology: shallow, hyperemic, rimmed by erythema w/ mononuclear cell infiltrates
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3
Q

Pyogenic granuloma

A

-Associations: gingiva of children and pregnant women, bleeds readily

  • Morphology: red/purple pedunculated; gumline proliferation of granulation tissue
  • may mature into peripheral ossifying fibroma
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4
Q

Irritation fibroma

A
  • Associations: bite line, reaction to trauma

- Morphology: located on buccal mucosa

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5
Q

ossifying fibroma

A
  • Associations: arises from pyogenic granuloma; young teenage females
  • Morphology:
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6
Q

*Periapical cyst (periapical “granuloma”)

A

inflammatory
-Associations: assoc. w/ caries, extends from pulpitis inflammation (chronic) - may give rise to dental abcess

-Morphology: granulation tissue,

  • may be lined by epithelium;
  • hygiene related
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7
Q

*Dentigerous cyst

A

developmental- odontogenic epithelium
-Associations: impacted molar (not hygiene related

-Morphology: cyst origin around crown of unerupted tooth/impacted molar

  • lined by squamous epithelium
  • dense lymphocytic infiltrate
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8
Q

*Keratocystic odontogenic tumor

A

developmental- odontogenic epithelium

  • Associations: YOUTH, M>Fe
  • Gorlin syndrome: nevoid basal cell, wide set eyes, asymmetry of mandible, palmar pits
  • -PTCH gene mutation
  • Morphology:
  • lines by squamous epithelium
  • PROMINENT basal cells
  • locally aggressive, recurrence common
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9
Q

*Ameloblastoma

A

neoplastic- tumor of odontogenic (squamous) epithelium
-Associations: neoplasma-benign/malignant (most indolent)

  • Morphology: squamous/cystic
  • slow growing, prone to recurrence
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10
Q

*Odontoma

A

neoplastic- odontogenic epithelium
-Associations: hamartoma

-Morphology: tooth like (mixture of enamel, dentin, and epithelium)

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11
Q

Glossitis

A
  • Associations: B-vit & iron deficiencies

- Morphology: red tongue: atrophy, thin mucosa

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12
Q

*Hairy Leukoplakia

A
  • Associations: Immunosuppressed (80% occur in HIV)
  • *EBV infection implicated
  • Morphology: white-hairy on LATERAL border of tongue
  • micro: hyperkeratosis, acanthosis
  • ballloon cells in upper spinous layer
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13
Q

*Leukoplakia

A
  • Associations: Tobacco/EtOH, HPV, immunosupressed; risk for squamous carcinoma
  • CANNOT be removed by scraping and cannot be classified as another disease (thrush, lichen planus)

-Morphology: white, dysplasia squamous epithelium

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14
Q

Erythroplakia

A
  • Associations: Tobacco/EtOH, HPV, immunosupressed; HIGH RISK for squamous carcinoma
  • Morphology: red, velvet. eroded, epi usually very atypical
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15
Q

Nasal angiofibroma*

A
  • Nasal tumor; benign
  • Associations: post puberty males (gingers); nose bleeds
  • Morphology: may be fatal by extension into cranium
  • arises in stroma of post. lateral wall of roof of nasal cavity
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16
Q

Nasal polyp

A
  • benign
  • Associations: recurrent attacks of rhinitis
  • may be assoc w/ allergic rhinitis; ASA sensitivity; cystic fibrosis
  • Morphology: loose stroma w/ EOSINOPHILS, lymps and plasma cells, edema of submucosa
  • Gross- glistening

Samter triad:

  • asprin sensitive
  • nonreaginic (not allergy) asthma
  • nasal polyps
17
Q

*Sinonasal/Inverted papilloma

A

benign
-Associations: some HPV 6, 11, males 30-60

  • Morphology: nests of squamous; aggressive growth
  • inward growth
  • prone to recurrence
  • extension into cranium
18
Q

Olfactory neuroblastoma

A

malignant
-Associations: young adult

  • Morphology: aggressively malignant, neuroendocrine cells
  • NSE, synaptophysin, chromogranin, CD56
19
Q

Solitary plasmacytoma

A
  • Associations: not associated with myeloma (M protein neg.)
  • unlikely to progress to multi myeloma

-Morphology: plasma cells

20
Q

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma

A

-Associations: EBV in genetically predisposed

  • Morphology: undifferentiated/basaloid malignant squamous cells w/ prominent lymphocytic infiltrate
  • aggressively malignant
  • often unresectable
21
Q

Brachial cyst (cervical lymphoepithelial cyst)

A

Developmental neck cyst
-Associations: young adult; located anterolateral neck

-Morphology: epithelium surrounded by lymphs

22
Q

Thyroglossal tract cyst

A

Developmental neck cyst
-Associations: child

-Morphology: midline neck, epithelial lined cyst

23
Q

Paraganglioma/carotid body tumor

A

Neck tumor
-Associations: older adults; multiple in MEN 2

-Morphology: Zellballen (nests of cells); chromogranin

24
Q

Sialadenitis

A

inflammation of salivary glands

  • Associations:
  • Lymphoid/ AI, Sjogrens
  • Acute/bacterial
  • mumps, HIV
  • Morphology: ANA+
  • duct obstruction → sialolithiasis → infect
25
Q

*Mucocele

A
  • Associations: lip, gland trauma, fluctuates in size
  • -trauma → blockage or rupture of salivary gland duct

-Morphology: cystic space lined by inflammatory cells; granulation tissue resect completely

26
Q

*Pleomorphic adenoma

A

Benign neoplasm
-Associations: most common, parotid, tends to RECURS following surgery

-**Morphology: epithlium forming glands + matrix (myxoid, chondroid, osseous tissue)

27
Q

*Warthin

A

Benign neoplasm- second most common salivary tumor
-Associations: SMOKERS, MULTIFOCAL, recurrence uncommon

  • **Morphology: double layer of oncocytic cells (pink cyto w/ abundant mito) lining spaces papillary, lymphs infiltrate of stroma
  • almost exlusive to parotid
28
Q

Mucoepidermoid

A

Malignant- most common malignant
-Associations: radiation

  • Morphology: mucin producing malignant glands, and sheets of squamous cells
  • more than 1/2 in parotids
29
Q

Adenoid cystic; acinic cell

A
  • Associations: slow growth, invades nerves

- Morphology:

30
Q

Acute-serous otitis media

A
  • Associations: viral infection
  • give tubes can lead to conductive hearing loss

COMPLICATIONS:

  • rupture of TM
  • labrynithitis

-cholesteatoma- keratotic squamous lined cyst that grows and can impinge on local structures; arises from tretraction or perforation of ear drum

  • dissolution of the bone- conductive hearing loss
  • mastoiditis- temporal cerebritis/ abcess
31
Q

Acute-suppurative otitis media

A

-Associations: pyogenic bacteria → strep. pneuomia, H. influenzae, moraxella

COMPLICATIONS:

  • rupture of TM
  • labrynithitis

cholesteatoma- keratotic squamous lined cyst that grows and can impinge on local structures; arises from tretraction or perforation of ear drum

  • dissolution of the bone- conductive hearing loss
  • mastoiditis- temporal cerebritis/ abcess
32
Q

Chronic otitis media

A
  • Associations: pseudomonas: necrotizing infection in diabetes
  • Morphology: risk of necrosis

COMPLICATIONS:

  • rupture of TM
  • labrynithitis

-cholesteatoma- keratotic squamous lined cyst that grows and can impinge on local structures; arises from tretraction or perforation of ear drum

  • dissolution of the bone- conductive hearing loss
  • mastoiditis- temporal cerebritis/ abcess
33
Q

Otosclerosis

A

-Associations: most common hearing loss in aging:
CONDUCTION type; also genetic

-Morphology: ankylosis of stapes at oval window

34
Q

Laryngeal Nodule

A

-Associations: vocal overuse; not neoplastic

  • Morphology: Myxoid stroma, hyperplastic squamous epi. punctate vasculatrity
  • may have mirror image nodules
  • present w/ hoarseness
35
Q

Papilloma

A

-Associations: HPV-usually single in adults; often multiple, reccurent in children

  • Morphology: BENIGN papillary squamous epithelium
  • not precancerous
36
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma of larynx

A
  • Associations: Tobacco, EtOH most common assoc
  • -Intrinsic: w/in larynx, most common, better prognosis
  • -Extrinsic: supra/subglottic tumors

-Morphology: death by local invasion

37
Q

HIV associations

A
  • HSV
  • Candida
  • aphthous ulcers
  • cheilitis
  • kaposi sarcoma
  • HAIRY leukoplakia
  • (peridontitis)

year 2 (15 decks)

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