Micro exam 6 Flashcards
Ixodes
- tick
- bloodsucking
- Lyme disease and babesiosis, and agents of tick paralysis.
Dermacentor
- tick
- bloodsucking
- vectors tularemia, RMSF, and Colorado tick fever, and agents of tick paralysis.
Amblyomma americanum
- tick
- bloodsucking
- vectors for tularemia, RMSF, lyme disease and agents of tick paralysis.
Rhipicephalus sanguineus
- tick
- vector for ehrlichiosis & babesiosis in dogs
- vector RMSF, Mediterranean spotted fever.
Pyemotes
- mite
- dermatitis (hay and straw itch mites)
- bite the person and the digestive juices provoke allergic responses.
Demodex folliculorum
- mite
- follicular invasion
- results in puritis and acne like dermatitis
Eutrombicula
-Chigger dermatitis.
-Larval mite infests reptiles, birds, and mammals.
-bites doesn’t burrow
-Adult and nymph are predators of small terrestrial
invertebrates or feed on their eggs
Sarcoptes scabiei
-Burrowing mite that is the most serious of all the
mites.
-Female is fertilized on the skin surface, burrows, lays eggs and dies (large part of problem)
-intense puritis that can persist for weeks after treatment
-direct contact (STI), crowded living conditions
-permethrin (DOC)
-ivermectin
Canine scabies
- accident infestation
- canine variety does not burrow or reproduce in people.
- permethrin (DOC)
- ivermectin
Crusted (Norwegian) scabies
-  scaling lesions that are filled with mites → very pruritic.
- linked to AIDS
- permethrin (DOC)
- ivermectin
Pediatric scabies
- presents with erythematous crusted lesions.
- similar to Norwegian scabies.
- permethrin (DOC)
- ivermectin
Pththirus pubis
- Crab louse
- nits (louse eggs) are cemented to pubic hair
- bite irritation occurs because of adults feeding.
- transmitted via sexual contact or bedding
- permethrin
Pediculus humanus
- Nits are cemented to clothing fibers or human hair
- bite irritation (bloodsuckers)
- body louse is the vector for epidemic typhus
- wartime conditions, crowding
- permethrin
Cimex lectularius
-bedbug
-nocturnal bloodsucking insect that transports
microbes like cockroaches.
Triatoma spp.
- kissing bugs
- bloodsucking insects of USA and Latin America
- serve as vectors for Chagas disease.
Pulex irritans
- human flea
- parasite, plague and tapeworm vector.
Ctenocephalides spp
- dog and cat fleas
- fleabite allergic dermaitis
Xenopsylla cheopis
- rat flea
- bloodsucking and vector for plague
Tunga penetrans
-flea
-female burrows into the skin and grows to
the size of a pea
-painful nodular swelling
Simulium spp
- black flies
- bloodsucking
- transmits onchocerciasis
Phlebotomus spp
- sand flies
- blood sucking
- transmit leishmaniasis
Chrysops spp
- deer flies
- bloodsucking
- vector of tularemia and loaiasis
Glossina spp
- tsetse flie
- bloodsucking
- african sleeping sickness
dermatobia hominis
human skin bot
- fly catches mosquito, glues egg
- dermatobiasis
Tinea barbae
- T verrucosum
- T rubrum
Tinea capitis
- M canis
- T mentagrophytes
- T tonsurans**
-griseofulvin
Tinea corporis
- M canis
- T mentagrophytes
- T rubrum
Tinea cruris
- E floccosum
- T mentagrophytes
- T rubrum**
-diabetes, obesity, perspiration in excess
Tinea pedis
- most prevalent of all dermatophytoses
- E floccosum
- T mentagrophytes
- T rubrum**
Tinea unguium
- E floccosum
- T mentagrophytes
- T rubrum
Tinea manus
- T mentagrophytes
- T rubrum
Hortaea werneckii
- tinea nigra
- dimorphic
- Superficial fungal agent
- produces brown or black lesions on palms and the soles.
- painless
- iodine or azole creams
Sporothrix schenckii
- subcutaneous
- pear-shaped conidium resemble a daisy
- chronic granulomas & necrosis
- traumatic inoculation of thorn, wood splinters, etc
- develop nodules, abscesses, ulcers along lymphatics
- DOC Amphotercin B or itraconazole
Madurella mycelomatis
- subcutaneous (dimorphic)
- mycetoma: tumefaction and many drainage sinus
- granules or microcolonies in sinuses
- africa
Pseudallescherica boydii
- subcutaneous (dimorphic)
- mycetoma: tumefaction and many drainage sinus
- granules or microcolonies in sinuses
- white grain mycetoma
- USA and latin america
Fusarium oxysporum, F solani
- subcutaneous (dimorphic)
- mycetoma: tumefaction and many drainage sinus
- granules or microcolonies in sinuses
- tropical areas, Latin America
- opportunistic
Acinetobacter baumanni
- Gram negative rods-coccobacilli
- cause of cellulitis
- assoc w/ trauma & use of invasive devices
- multi-drug resistant & pan-resistant
Pasteurella multocida
- gram negative
- normal microb in mouth of CATS and dogs
- cellulitis: suspect if associated with a CAT»_space; dog bite
- purulent drainage
Aeromonas hydrophila
- gram negative, motile, bacillus
- facultative anaerobe
- fresh water
- cellulitis
- necrotizing fasciitis
Vibrio vulnificus
- gram negative, motile, vibirio
- facultative anaerobe
- halophile (salt water)
- cellulitis
- necrotizing fasciitis (necrotizing infection - oysters)
coliform bacteria
- all gram negative rods
- ferment lactose
- facultative anaerobes
CHEEK
- citrobacter
- hafnia
- enterobacter
- e. coli
- klebsiella
enterobacteriaceae
- gram negative rods
- facultative anaerobes
- EEK: ferment lactose
- PSSYS: do not ferment lactose
PESSKEY
- Proteus
- Enterobacter
- Shigella
- Salmonella (osteo w/ sickle cell)
- Klebsiella
- E. Coli (osteo in neonates)
- Yersinia
- Serratia (osteo IVDU)
Fournier’s gangrene
necrotizing fascitis of genitalia
anaerobes
- Bacteroids
- Clostridium
- Fusobacterium
AND
E. coli or Klebsiella
Prevotella
- gram negative anaerobe, bacilli
- normal microbe of mouth
- -abscess: mouth, pharynx, brain, lungs
- encapsulated
- Strong LPS lipid A response
- IgG/A/M proteases
- metronidazole: DNA strand breakage & destabilization
- clindamycin: protein synthesis
- amoxicillin-clavulanate: beta lactam + beta-lactamase inhibitor
-beta lactams if resistance
Fusobacterium
- gram negative anaerobe, bacilli
- normal microbe of mouth
- encapsulated
- strong LPS lipid A response
- Lemierre’s syndrome: jugular venous suppurative thrombophlebitis
- osteo & peridontal infections
- metronidazole: DNA strand breakage & destabilization
- clindamycin: protein synthesis
- amoxicillin-clavulanate: beta lactam + beta-lactamase inhibitor
-beta lactams if resistance
Bacteroids fragilis
- gram negative anaerobe, bacilli
- most common non-sporeforming opportunistic anaerobe
- deep pain & tenderness below diaphragm
- B-lactamase
- bile resistant
- SOD & catalase (exception to rule)
- PSA- essential to abscess formation
- -induce host cell immune response
- -attachment to peritoneal mesothelium (surrounded by collagen capsule)
- -inhibits complement mediated killing (dissemination)
- weak LPS lipid A response
- encapsulated
- metronidazole: DNA strand breakage & destabilization
- carbapenems: beta-lactam
- beta-lactam + beta latamase inhib
-clindamycin: inhibits protein synthesis (if resistant)
peptostreptococcous
- gram POSITIVE, cocci, anaerobe
- normal microbe: mouth, colon, female GU tract
- brain, breast, pulm infection
- brain abscess + viridans strep
- metronidazole: DNA strand breakage & destabilization
- clindamycin: protein synthesis
- amoxicillin-clavulanate: beta lactam + beta-lactamase inhibitor
-beta lactams if resistance
propionibacterium acnes
- gram positive pleomorphic bacilli
- aerotolerant anaerobe
- normal skin flora
- sebaceous glands
- Opportunistic infections w/ prosthetics & IV lines
Meleney’s synergistic gangrene
S. aureu and microaerophilic streptococci
