Path - Cells And Tests Flashcards
red test tube cap
Glass=nothing
Plastic=clot activator
Serology
Blood bank
Chemistry tests
Red/gray test tube cap
No anticoagulant but does have clot activator gel for separating cells from serum
Serology
Chemistry tests
Light blue test tube cap
Citrate anticoagulant
Coagulation tests
Purple test tube cap
EDTA anticoagulant
CBC
Ammonia
Green test tube cap
Heparin anticoagulant
Blood gases
Chemistry tests
Gray test tube cap
Fluoride with oxalate anticoagulant
Glucose
Lactate
Yellow test tube cap
Acid citrate dextrose (ACD)
Blood bank studies
or
Sodium polyanethol sulfate (SPS)
Blood cultures
Dark blue test tube cap
Nothing
Stopper is usually specially treated
Trace elements
Nutritional studies
Toxicology
Sensitivity equation
100 X (TP/(TP+FN))
Specificity equation
100 X (TN/(TN+FP))
PPV equation
100 X (TP/(TP+FP))
NPV equation
100 X (TN/(TN+FN))
Number of existing cases of a disease in a population
Prevalence
Number of new cases of a disease in a population per unit time
Incidence
As prevalence increases, PPV ___
Increases
Screening tests require high ___
Confirmatory tests require high ___
Sensitivity
Specificity
More sensitive = more chance of ___
More specific = more chance of ___
FP
FN
True anemia is marked by what characteristic of RBCs?
Decreased RBC mass
Relative anemia is due to __
Causes?
Increased plasma volume
Pregnancy
Excessive hydration
Macroglobulinemia
Severe symptoms of anemia
Chest pain
Angina
Heart attack
Fainting
Trauma causes what kind of anemia?
Acute
What is the most common cause of anemia of insufficient production? Others?
Iron deficiency
B12 or Folate deficiency
bone marrow suppression or replacement
-parvovirus B19
-cancer
Hereditary membrane abnormality:
Elliptocytosis
Hereditary hemoglobin abnormality:
Thalassemia
Extravascular vs intravascular causes of RBC destruction
Extra-warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Intra-RBC fragmentation disorders
Large number of blue cells, which are immature RBCS, due to an increase in demand
Hyperproliferative
Definitions:
Variation in size of RBCs?
Shape?
Anisocytosis
Poikilocytosis
Anemia of chronic disease:
Morphologic characteristics
None
Thalassemia
quantitative defects of hemoglobin
Reduced globin chain synthesis
Alpha and beta
Beta thalassemia major
Characteristics
Severe microcytic hypochromic anemia Anisocytosis Poikilocytosis Many uncleared RBCs Polychromasia
Cytoskeletal abnormalities cause
Hereditary spherocytosis
Small nuclear remnants
Typically single
Normal in neonates
Howell Jolly bodies
Iron-containing mitochondrial remnants
Small clusters near cell periphery
Pappenheimer granules
MCV below normal
Above normal
Normal
Microcytic
Macrocytic
Normocytic
Mean cell volume
Most common cause of microcytic hypochromic cells
Iron deficiency
Cells in hemoglobin C disease
Target cells
Hemoglobin C crystals
Irregularly contracted cells
Spherocytes
Degmacyte vs schistocyte
Bite cell
Fragmented cell
Aggregates of denatured hemoglobin
Heinz bodies
Dacrocytes
Tear drop cells
Blue gray color of immature RBCs due to residual ribosomal material
Polychromasia
Aggregates of ribosomes
RNA
All over the cell
Basophilic stippling
