Path - Cells And Tests

Question 1

red test tube cap

Answer 1

Glass=nothing
Plastic=clot activator

Serology
Blood bank
Chemistry tests

Question 2

Red/gray test tube cap

Answer 2

No anticoagulant but does have clot activator gel for separating cells from serum

Serology
Chemistry tests

Question 3

Light blue test tube cap

Answer 3

Citrate anticoagulant

Coagulation tests

Question 4

Purple test tube cap

Answer 4

EDTA anticoagulant

CBC
Ammonia

Question 5

Green test tube cap

Answer 5

Heparin anticoagulant

Blood gases
Chemistry tests

Question 6

Gray test tube cap

Answer 6

Fluoride with oxalate anticoagulant

Glucose
Lactate

Question 7

Yellow test tube cap

Answer 7

Acid citrate dextrose (ACD)
Blood bank studies

or
Sodium polyanethol sulfate (SPS)
Blood cultures

Question 8

Dark blue test tube cap

Answer 8

Nothing
Stopper is usually specially treated

Trace elements
Nutritional studies
Toxicology

Question 9

Sensitivity equation

Answer 9

100 X (TP/(TP+FN))

Question 10

Specificity equation

Answer 10

100 X (TN/(TN+FP))

Question 11

PPV equation

Answer 11

100 X (TP/(TP+FP))

Question 12

NPV equation

Answer 12

100 X (TN/(TN+FN))

Question 13

Number of existing cases of a disease in a population

Answer 13

Prevalence

Question 14

Number of new cases of a disease in a population per unit time

Answer 14

Incidence

Question 15

As prevalence increases, PPV ___

Answer 15

Increases

Question 16

Screening tests require high ___

Confirmatory tests require high ___

Answer 16

Sensitivity

Specificity

Question 17

More sensitive = more chance of ___

More specific = more chance of ___

Answer 17

FP

FN

Question 18

True anemia is marked by what characteristic of RBCs?

Answer 18

Decreased RBC mass

Question 19

Relative anemia is due to __

Causes?

Answer 19

Increased plasma volume

Pregnancy
Excessive hydration
Macroglobulinemia

Question 20

Severe symptoms of anemia

Answer 20

Chest pain
Angina
Heart attack
Fainting

Question 21

Trauma causes what kind of anemia?

Answer 21

Acute

Question 22

What is the most common cause of anemia of insufficient production? Others?

Answer 22

Iron deficiency

B12 or Folate deficiency
bone marrow suppression or replacement
-parvovirus B19
-cancer

Question 23

Hereditary membrane abnormality:

Answer 23

Elliptocytosis

Question 24

Hereditary hemoglobin abnormality:

Answer 24

Thalassemia

Question 25

Extravascular vs intravascular causes of RBC destruction

Answer 25

Extra-warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia | Intra-RBC fragmentation disorders

Question 26

Large number of blue cells, which are immature RBCS, due to an increase in demand

Answer 26

Hyperproliferative

Question 27

Definitions: Variation in size of RBCs? Shape?

Answer 27

Anisocytosis | Poikilocytosis

Question 28

Anemia of chronic disease: | Morphologic characteristics

Answer 28

None

Question 29

Thalassemia

Answer 29

quantitative defects of hemoglobin Reduced globin chain synthesis Alpha and beta

Question 30

Beta thalassemia major | Characteristics

Answer 30

``` Severe microcytic hypochromic anemia Anisocytosis Poikilocytosis Many uncleared RBCs Polychromasia ```

Question 31

Cytoskeletal abnormalities cause

Answer 31

Hereditary spherocytosis

Question 32

Small nuclear remnants Typically single Normal in neonates

Answer 32

Howell Jolly bodies

Question 33

Iron-containing mitochondrial remnants | Small clusters near cell periphery

Answer 33

Pappenheimer granules

Question 34

MCV below normal Above normal Normal

Answer 34

Microcytic Macrocytic Normocytic Mean cell volume

Question 35

Most common cause of microcytic hypochromic cells

Answer 35

Iron deficiency

Question 36

Cells in hemoglobin C disease

Answer 36

Target cells Hemoglobin C crystals Irregularly contracted cells Spherocytes

Question 37

Degmacyte vs schistocyte

Answer 37

Bite cell Fragmented cell

Question 38

Aggregates of denatured hemoglobin

Answer 38

Heinz bodies

Question 39

Dacrocytes

Answer 39

Tear drop cells

Question 40

Blue gray color of immature RBCs due to residual ribosomal material

Answer 40

Polychromasia

Question 41

Aggregates of ribosomes RNA All over the cell

Answer 41

Basophilic stippling