Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

(CBSE) All Subjects > Path > Flashcards

Path Flashcards

1
Q

What is characterized by the development of hypoxemia and bilateral pulmonary infiltrates in the ABSENCE of heart failure??

A

ARDS-Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a Kimmelsteil-Wilson lesion associated with? Nodular (mesangial expansion, glomerular basement membrane thickening, and glomerular sclerosis)

A

Diabetic Neuropathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the bone tumor most often associated with Paget’s Disease?

A

OSTEOSARCOMA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are fragile mucosal folds that cause solid food dysphagia, usually in the mid to lower esophagus? What deficiency (Plummer-Vinson Syndrome) is it commonly seen?

A

Esophageal Web..iron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Histologically, what are these signs pointing to? acute inflammatory monoarthritis, neutrophilic effusion, and numerous needle-shaped crystals?

A

GOUT dawg!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the most common location for an endometrial cyst?

A

ovaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which vitamin supplementation is NOT advised during pregnancy?

A

Vitamin A..it can be teratogenic in excess!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

MOST follicular __ ____ _______ are associated with a t(14;18) translocation that leads to BCL2 over expression (BCL2 overexp=evasion of apoptosis)

A

B cell lymphomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What disease is characterized by AUER bodies and is a t(15;17) chromosomal translocation?

A

APL-Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which disease is associated with a t(8;14) translocation and classically has round nuclei, basophillic cytoplasm, and prominiant lipid vacuoles?

A

Burkitt lymphoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is characteristic of a t(9;22) translocation and shows leukocytosis with many immature myeloid cells?

A

CHRONIC myeloGenous leukemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the MOST COMMON translocation in childhood B-cell ACUTE LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA? (Peripheral blood smear=anemia, thrombocytopenia, and lymphoblasts)

A

t(12;21)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What form of leukemia am I? malignant cells with notches or clefts and a t(14;18) translocation?

A

Follicular lymphoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which viral infection is associated with ballooning multinucleated giant cells?

A

Herpes Simplex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which carcinoma presents with cells at the periphery displaying parallel alignment (palisading)?

A

basal cell carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which infection shows histologically with perinuclear HALOS?

A

Verruca Vulgaris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Get ready for a new one…What is associated with umbilicated, flesh-colored papules on the skin and mucous membranes? Uh..WHATS ITS CAUSAL AGENT???

A

Molluscum Contagiosum (wtf?)…poxvirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the most important risk factor for postpartum endometriosis? What organ? What bugs?

A

Caesarian delivery….uterus…polymicrobial including staph and strept

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the most common culprit for VIRAL ENCEPHALITIS? Which region of the brain is most commonly affected? WHAT is the TX??

A

Herpes Simplex Virus (Esp HSV-1!! WHEELHOUSE)..Temporal Lobe…TX=IV acyclovir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What group of viruses cause BUNYAVIRUS encephalitis?

A

California encephalitis group of viruses (mosquitoes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What causes the chronic encephalitis known as subacute sclerosing PANenchephalitis?

A

measles!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What group of viruses does mumps and measles fall into?

A

PARAmyxOviridae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the culprit for RING-enhancing brain lesions in HIV patients??

A

TOXOPLASMA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is a common fungal organism that can cause encephalitis in HIV patients?

A

Cryptococcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Which PROTOZOA is NOTORIOUS for causing fatal encephalitis in AIDS patients?

A

A-CANTH-AMOEBA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

ACUTE INTERMITTENT PORPHYRIA is caused by a genetic defect in the making of ________ and it characterized by WHAT MAJOR INDICATOR??

A

PBG (Porpho-Bilinogen) Deaminase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the telling factor when diagnosing between PCT (porphyria cutanea tarda) and AIP (acute intermittent porphyia)?

A

PCT=skin manefestations…AIP no skin manefestations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the most common NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCY in elderly alcoholics?

A

COBALAMIN (vit B12)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is an ACUTE postinfectious polyneuropathy characterized by nonspecific prodromal malaise and nausea followed by progressive, ascending paralysis?

A

GULLIAN-BARRE syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

HUH…WHEELHOUSE. Pt complains of difficulty chewing and diplopia…Whats he got? lol

A

Thymoma (MYASTHENIA GRAVIS) (60-70% have hyperplastic thymic tissue, 10-15% have thymomas)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Retinoblastoma is caused by SEPARATE mutagenic events that inactivate BOTH copies of WHAT GENE? Which chromosome??

A

RB1 tumor suppressor gene…chromosome 13

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is the most common culprit for joint infection (septic arthritis) ADULTS and children OVER 2yrs??

A

S. Aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the most common culprit for joint infection in children UNDER 2yrs?

A

H. Influenzae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Interesting…what bug most commonly affects joint infection in adolescent peeps?

A

N gonorrhoeae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Interesting..pt’s with SICKLE CELL DISEASE are more likely susceptible to infection due to WHICH bug? (Regardless of age)

A

SALMONELLA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

WHEELHOUSE: 14mo old boy with RECURRENT WHITE PATCHES on inside of cheeks, wipeable. Presents with dysmorphic face and cleft palate..What are the findings most closely associated with?

A

FAILED PHARYNGEAL POUCH DEVELOPMENT (DiGeorge Syndrome)…3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouches produce the thymus, so T-cell immunity is compromised…pt has candidiasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

DiGeorge syndrome results in failed development of ________

A

the 3rd and 4th PHARYNGEAL POUCHES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Which disease is caused by an NADPH oxidase deficinency (causing ineffective intracellular oxidative burst)?

A

Chronic Granulomatous disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Rupture of the SUBPERIOSTEAL blood vessels results in _________, usually during traumatic birth and scalp swelling does not cross suture lines

A

cephaloHEMATOMA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Tearing of the middle meningeal artery results in an _______ hematoma

A

epidural hematoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Hereditary Hemochromatosis: excessive GI absorption of _____ stored in the form of ________ with in the _______ and the parenchymal organs

A

iron…hemosiderin…dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

portal HTN will first affect the _____ vein and cause _______

A

splenic vein…splenomegaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Howell-Jolly bodies are remnants of ______ that are indicative of problems in WHAT organ?

A

RBC nuclei…spleen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

MEGALOBLASTIC anemia is seen in _______ and ______ deficiency.

A

B12 and B9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

A Pulmonary Embolism causes ________ mismatch which leads to ______ that INCREASES ventilation and heart rate via a chemoreceptor reflex..RESULTING IN _______

A

ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) mismatch…HYPoxyemia…hyperventilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Hyperventilation can LOWER blood [____], but it cannot compensate fully for blood [____] levels

A

lower [CO2], but not increase [O2]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Hyperventilation results in RESPIRATORY ________

A

ALKALOSIS!!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Hypoventilation results in RESPIRATORY ________

A

ACIDOSIS!!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What cardio condition is characterized by increased pulmonary artery pressue, RIGHT ventricular failure, and pulmonary endothelial dysfunction?

A

IPAH (idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

What is characterized by AA women, pelvic pressure, pain, infertility, heavy menstrual bleeding (MOST COMMON SYMPTOM)

A

uterine leiomyomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

INTERESTING: _________ does not present with heavy menstrual bleeding because the pathology is OUTSIDE the uterine cavity

A

endometriosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Pts typically present with crampy abdominal pain, tenderness to palpation, and bloody stool with this condition ________.

A

ischemic colitis (poor blood perfusion to the colon c/o heart failure)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

________ presents on a colonoscopy as mucosal hemorrhage

A

ischemic colitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

COBBLESTONE MUCOSA in the colon is a cardinal sign of ________-

A

CROHN’s disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Macrophages w accumulated PAS-positive granules suggest _______ disease…does this disease present with blood in the stool?

A

WHIPPLE’s…NO blood in stool

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Which condition presents as crypt abscesses and multiple pseudopolyps in a colonoscopy?

A

ulcerative colitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Impaired intestinal COPPER transport can result in _______ syndrome, an X LINKED recessive disorder characterized by seizures, intellectual disability, skeletal abnormalities and brittle hair

A

MEN-KES syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Deficiency in DYSTROPHIN, a protein that connects muscle fibers to the ECM causes _________

A

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Marfan syndrome is caused by defects in ______, a glycoprotein important in elastic fiber formaiton

A

FIBRILLIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Hypoglycemia after prolonged fasting with inappropriately LOW Ketone Bodies (!!) suggest impaired _______

A

BETA-OXIDATION

61
Q

WHAT DEFICIENCY is the MOST COMMON GENETIC DEFECT IN BETA-OXIDATION??

A

Medium-chain ACYL-CoA DEHYDROGENASE (converts acylCoA to Trans-enoyl CoA)

62
Q

Proto-oncogene or tumor supressor gene? RAS

A

Proto-oncogene (cholangiocarcinoma, pancreatic adenocarcinoma)

63
Q

Proto-oncogene or tumor supressor gene? MYC

A

Proto-oncogene (burkitt lymphoma)

64
Q

Proto-oncogene or tumor supressor gene? BRCA 1/2

A

Tumor Suppressor Gene (breast & ovarian Cancer)

65
Q

Proto-oncogene or tumorsuppressor gene? APC/beta-catenin

A

Tumor Suppressor Gene (colon, gastric, pancreatic cancer) (famililal adenomatous polyposis)

66
Q

Proto-oncogene or Tumor Suppressor Gene? ERBB1 (EGFR)

A

Proto-Oncogene (lung adenocarcinoma)

67
Q

Proto-oncogene or Tumor Suppressor Gene? TP53

A

Tumor Suppressor (MOST cancers, La-Fraumeni Syndrome)

68
Q

Proto-Oncogene or Tumor Suppressor Gene? ERBB2 (HER2)

A

Proto-Oncogene (Breast cancer)

69
Q

Proto-oncogene or Tumor Suppressor Gene? RB

A

Tumor Suppressor gene (retinoblastoma, osteosarcome)

70
Q

Proto-oncogene or Tumor supressor gene? ABL

A

Proto-Oncogene (chronic myelogenous leukemia)

71
Q

Proto-oncogene or Tumor suppressor gene? WT1

A

Tumor Suppressor (wilms tumor)

72
Q

Proto-oncogene or Tumor Suppressor gene? BRAF

A

Proto-oncogene (hairy cell leukemia, melanoma)

73
Q

Proto-oncogene or Tumor supressor gene? VHL

A

Renal Cell Carcinoma, Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome

74
Q

What is the MOST SIGNIFICANT risk factor for osteoarthritis?

A

age

75
Q

WHEELHOUSE-What disease?: A chronic, IDIOPATHIC, inflammatory condition that presents with abdominal pain, diarrhea, low-grade fever, AND APTHOUS ULCERS OF THE MOUTH…WHAT IS THE MOST FREQUENTLY INVOLVED SITE???

A

Crohn Disease…terminal illium

76
Q

What condition is characterized by neuropsychiatric abnormalities in the setting of severe liver dysfunction (cirrhosis)? What organic substance builds up and crosses the BBB during this condition?

A

Hepatic ENCEPHALOPATHY…ammonia

77
Q

What condition involves a decreased mineralization of OSTEOID tissue?

A

OSTEOMALACIA

78
Q

What are two common causes of Osteomalacia?

A

1.Vit D deficiency 2.Malabsorption (celiac’s disease)

79
Q

Abnormal formation of ______ bone is a feature of PAGETS disease

A

LAMELLAR

80
Q

What organism causes VALLEY FEVER?

A

Cocci-DI-oides IMMITIS (a DI morphic fungus)

81
Q

What are the two main clinical signs and symptoms of HASHIMOTO’s THYROIDITIS?

A

1.FATIGUE 2.PAINLESS GOITER

82
Q

DIG DEEP…what are the names of the cells that are metaplastic, enlarged epithelial cells with prominant nucleoli and abundant eiosinophilic cytoplasm, commonly seen surrounding atrophic thyroid follicles in HASHIMOTO’s THYROIDITIS?

A

HURTH-LE Cells

83
Q

What is defined as a diffuse, nontoxic goiter that can occur on an endemic or sporadic basis? FLATTENING of the crowded columnar epithelium occurs in the thyroid follicles..

A

COLLOID goiter

84
Q

What is a painless, UNILATERAL neck mass at the thyroid? HISTO findings-intact capsule that separates normal thyroid tissue from numerous well-differentiated, colloid-containing follicles..

A

Follicular ADENOMA

85
Q

Thyroid Cancer: follicular carcinoma-capsular invasion occurs and areas of _______ or vascular invasion are common

A

hemorrhage

86
Q

What are the 4 clinical signs and symptoms of GRAVES DISEASE?

A

1.enlarged thyroid 2.hyperthyroidism 3.exopthalmos 4.PRE-TIBIAL MYX-EDEMA

87
Q

ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECT: INCREASED [oxygen] in the ________ and _______ of the heart because of shunting of the oxygenated blood.

A

Right atrium, right ventricle

88
Q

A consequence of the extra blood volume in the R side of the heart in an Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) results in a widely SPLIT and FIXED ____ sound (sound of the SEMI-LUNAR VALVES ________)

A

S2….semi-lunar valves CLOSING

89
Q

Achal-asia (esophageal motility disorder) results from reduced numbers of ________ cells in the esophageal wall. What is the characteristic sign on a barium swallow/x-ray?

A

inhibitory ganglion cells…“BIRD BEAK” narrowing at the gastroesophageal junction

90
Q

What is the MOST COMMON autoimmune hemolytic disease?

A

WARM ANTIBODY AUTOIMMUNE HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA!

91
Q

What systemic pathologic condition is associated with FIBRIN STRAND-mediated erythrocyte trauma?

A

DIC. disseminated intravascular coagulation

92
Q

What is the mechanism for alpha-thalassemia pathology?

A

impaired hemoglobin synthesis

93
Q

__________ is a hemolytic anemia due to abnormalities in the RBC structural components SPECTRIN or ANKYRIN

A

Hereditary Spherocytosis

94
Q

What are the 2 structural components compromised in HEREDITARY SPHEROCYTOSIS?

A

Spectrin or Ankyrin

95
Q

What is the typical culprit for ACUTE BACTERIAL PROSTATITIS?

A

enteric organisms (like UTI’s!) (E. coli)

96
Q

Which syndrome is associated with CATCH 22??

A

DeGeorges Syndrome: Chromosome 22 section deletion…Conotrunctal cardiac defects, Abnormal facies,Thymic aplasia, Cleft Palate, Hypocalcemia

97
Q

In DeGeorges syndrome, which embryological strucutres fail in development?

A

3rd and 4th pharyngeal POUCHES

98
Q

________ _________ _________________ is one of the more COMMON causes of NEPHROTIC syndrome in adults and children, the “collapsing” version of this is particularly common in HIV+ pts

A

FOCAL SEGMENTAL GLOMERULO-SCLEROSIS

99
Q

What does the GBM in Anti-GBM disease stand for? What is the main antibody in this pathophys?

A

Glomerular Basement Membrane…IgG

100
Q

Which antibody is found in Berger disease (kidney path)?

A

IgA

101
Q

What test is used to diagnose a H. Pylori infection?

A

The urea breath test

102
Q

Mitral Stenosis is ALMOST ALWAYS caused by _______

A

rheumatic fever

103
Q

WHEELHOUSE: ______-_______ syndrome is a rare, autosomal DOMINANT disease in which individuals develop pigmented mucocutaneous MACULES and multiple HAMARTOMOUS POLYPS in the GI TRACT.

A

Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome

104
Q

An apical bronchogenic carcinoma that invades the brachial plexus (a “PAN-COAST”) tumor can cause HORNER syndrome through compression of the __________

A

SUPERIOR CERVICAL GANGLION

105
Q

CHRONIC EtOHism can cause ATROPHY of the anterior lobes AND _______ vermis

A

cerebellar (parkinson like tremor)

106
Q

LITHIUM, used to tx BIPOLAR disorder can interfere with WHICH RENAL HORMONE, thereby ______ water reabsorption

A

vasopressin (ADH)…REDUCING

107
Q

Lower GI bleeding in infants is most commonly caused by _______ diverticulum, which results in heterotropic gastric tissue

A

MECKEL

108
Q

Huh, this one is rather straight forward…Humoral Immunodeficincy syndromes: Normal B cell count, decreased IgG, IgA, IgM, and IgE values

A

Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVI). ALL immunoglobulins are decreased!

109
Q

What is the behavior of B Cells, IgG, IgA, IgM, and IgE in X-LINKED AGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA?

A

All decreased

110
Q

What are the two most susceptible areas to infection in the body during IgA deficiency?

A

Respiratory and GI

111
Q

AL-KAP-TON-URIA is an autosomal recessive disorder due to a defect in homogenestic acid DIOXYGENASE. The results are OSTEOARTHROPY and ________

A

DARK URINE

112
Q

In maple syrup urine disease, what type of amino acids are not being metabolized correctly?

A

branched-chain aa’s (leucine, isoleucine, and valine)

113
Q

In GRAVES DISEASE (hyPERthyroidism), WHAT is the opthalmopathy caused by?

A

INCREASED GAG production by orbital FIBROBLASTS

114
Q

What is the MOST COMMON CYANOTIC CONGENTIAL HEART DEFECT?

A

TET-RALOGY of FALL-OT

115
Q

What are the 4 cardiac manifestations of Tetralogy of Fallot?

A

1.Pulmonary Stenosis 2.Right Ventricular Hypertrophy 3.Overriding Aorta 4.Ventricular Septal Defect

116
Q

What physical action can relieve cyanotic episodes in children with Tetralogy of Fallot?

A

SQUATTING

117
Q

What is a COMMON cause of infertility in pts who have had unprotected intercourse with multiple sexual partners?

A

Pelvic inflammatory disease

118
Q

Has the previous use of oral contraceptives been linked to infertility?

A

NO

119
Q

Lyme disease usually presents with ERYTHEMA MIGRANS (“_______” lesion) at the site of the tick bite

A

“bull’s eye”

120
Q

Rocky Mtn Spotted Fever is characterized by a papular or _______ rash that begins on the ______ or ______ and spreads to the trunk, palms, and soles.

A

petechial rash…ankles or wrists

121
Q

IMPAIRED SPLENIC FUNCTION significantly increases the risk of SEPSIS caused by ENCAPSULATED BACTERIA LIKE THESE 3:

A

1.Strept. Pneumoniae 2.H. Influenza 3.N. Meningitidis

122
Q

Quick, whats the pt got? Smoker, Rt shoulder pain, puffy face and engorged neck veins..

A

Superior Vena Cava Syndrome (lung or mediastinal tumor compressing the vena cava)

123
Q

________ is a common cause of NEPHROTIC SYNDROME that is associated with SOLID TUMORS, edema, weight gain, and SEVERE PROTEINURIA

A

Membranous Glomerulonephritis

124
Q

McArdle disease (GLYCOGEN storage disease V) is characterized by a ____________ deficiency…symptoms are muscle cramps with exercise, but go away when person gets “second wind”

A

MYO-PHOS-PHORYLASE

125
Q

An infection of the orbit, nose, and paranasal sinuses can spread to the CAVERNOUS SINUS..what is one of the FIRST SIGNS of a cavernous sinus thrombus? WHICH CRANIAL NERVE is affected in this sign?

A

lateral gaze palsy…CN VI

126
Q

_______ is characterized by CYANOSIS that worsens with feeding, crying, or exercise. Older children with this SQUAT to improve pulmonary blood flow

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

127
Q

Mumps-induced ORCHITIS can result in ________ cell atrophy and decreased TESTOSTERONE production

A

LEYDIG

128
Q

What enzymatic deficiency causes congentical adrenal hyperplasia leading to excess minralocorticoids (thus HTN) and deficiencies in cortisol and sex steroids?

A

17alpha-HYDROXYLASE deficency

129
Q

_______ lymphoma presents as ASYMPTOMATIC lymphadenopaty in the CERVICAL or SUPRACLAVICULAR regions or as a MEDIASTINAL MASS

A

HODGKIN lymphoma

130
Q

Hodgkin Lymphoma will have _____-______ cells present in the biopsy

A

Reed-Sternberg

131
Q

______ lymphoma is seen in children who present with ascites and abdominal mass arising from the distal ileum, cecum, or mesentary

A

Burkitt lymphoma

132
Q

______ lymphoma is an indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma characterized by waxing and waning lymphadenopathy and over expression of the BCL-2 PROTEIN…LARGE, NON-CLEAVED lymphocytes in biopsy

A

Follicular lymphoma

133
Q

Physical manifestations of high _________ levels in a cirrhotic patient include SPIDER ANGIOMATAS, palmer erythemia, testicular atrophy

A

estrogen

134
Q

_____ ______ is characterized by loose and bloody stools. Endoscopy reveals erythematous, edematous, FRIABLE, and granular mucosa. Neutrophils accumulate in the CRYPT lumina causing crypt abscesses. CLASSICALLY limited to the MUCOSA

A

Ulcerative Colitis

135
Q

Postmenopausal women are at high risk for osteoperosis because of OVARIAN ENDOCRINE HYPOPFUNCTION and ________ deficiency

A

estrogen

136
Q

What is the most common sign of Wernike-Korsakoff syndrome in alcoholics?

A

memory impairment with confabulation (misinterpreted or distorted memories)

137
Q

AGAIN, pts with 17-alpha-hydroxylase deficiency present with insufficient sex hormones and cortisol and overproduction of minralocorticoids…. WHAT HAPPENS TO THE LEVELS OF: 1. LH 2. ACTH 3.RENIN

A
  1. LH increases 2.ACTH increases 3.RENIN decreases
138
Q

Which organ system is affected in LYNCH syndrome?

A

Colorectal cancer

139
Q

Huh, interesting…a HEMANGIOBLASTOMA in the cerebellum makes you at risk for what other carcinoma?

A

renal cell carcinoma (VHL-von hippel-Lindau disease)

140
Q

Decreased RBC 2,3-BPG (increases or decreases?) oxygen affinity of normal hemoglobin.

A

increases

141
Q

Wilson’s disease has high copper content and rings on WHICH structure of the eye?

A

cornea

142
Q

What is the most common estrogen-sensitive benign breast tumor in young women?

A

Fibroadenoma

143
Q

Chronic EtOH consumption can cause degeneration of the CEREBELLAR vermis…What is the embryological origin of the cerebellum?

A

RHOMBencephalon (makes sense…its in the rear!)

144
Q

Reed-sternberg cells have a LOT of cytoplasm and an “_____ _____” appearance. Uh, what condition are these cells found in again?

A

“owl eye”…Hodgkin lymphoma

145
Q

Dilated cardiomyopathy is a finding in chronic, excessive ______ use. The heart is enlarged, the ventricular volumes are increased, BUT there is a normal thickness of the ventricular walls

A

EtOH

146
Q

Anti-glomerular basement membrane disease (lol) has which ANTIBODY deposits present?

A

IgG

147
Q

A complete _____ pregnancy is an abnormal proliferation of cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts without fetal tissue

A

MOLAR

148
Q

In patients with ACNE, retinoids are vitamin ___ analogs that bind nuclear receptors to decrease SEBUM production and INCREASE cellular turnover

A

Vit A

(CBSE) All Subjects (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions