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(CBSE) All Subjects > Missed Questions > Flashcards

Missed Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Failure of what embryonic process causes extrinsic obstruction of duodenum with fibrous bands

A

midgut rotation around superior mesenteric artery

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2
Q

calculate case-fatality

A

divide the number of fatal cases by the total number of people with the disease

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3
Q

Kinesin is associated with

A

microtubules, anterograde transport of neurotransmitter-containing secretory vesicles down axons

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4
Q

mutation of F508 causes protein misfolding and failure of glycosylation in

A

cystic fibrosis

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5
Q

Number needed to treat (NNT) =

A

1/ Absolute risk reduction (dividing number affected by total - same thing for other column)

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6
Q

Intact palate and unilateral cleft lip is a failure of what processes

A

fusion of the maxillary prominence and inter maxillary segment

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7
Q

What is the major determinant of whether or not a coronary artery plaque will cause ischemic injury

A

rate at which it occludes

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8
Q

What nerve carries pain fibers from diaphragm and mediastinal pleura

A

Phrenic

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9
Q

What antibiotic is Listeria resistant to

A

cephalosporins (ceftriaxone, cefotaxime)

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10
Q

insurance plan with low monthly premiums, low copayments and deductibles and low total cost to patient

A

(health maintenance organization) HMO

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11
Q

small cell carcinoma of the lung can produce what hormones

A

ACTH, ADH

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12
Q

expresses both CD4 and CD8

A

immature cortical T lymphocytes

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13
Q

major risk factor for ARDS

A

pancreatitis

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14
Q

ARDS has what type of membranes

A

alveolar hyaline membranes

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15
Q

lower chloride in arterial blood vs venous blood is due to what enzyme

A

carbonic anhydrase

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16
Q

how is alcohol antiseptic

A

disrupts cell membranes

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17
Q

in general right sided hear pressures are___ than left sided pressures

A

lower

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18
Q

Thiazide diuretics raise serum

A

cholesterol

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19
Q

in a patient with mitral regurgitation this most reliable auscultatory finding radiates to the axilla

A

a left sided S3 gallop (click)

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20
Q

Porphyrin synthesis is inhibited by

A

glucose

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21
Q

Disease: life long mucosal bleeding, normal platelet levels but prolonged bleeding time

A

von Willebrand

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22
Q

Taenia solium features

A

pork tapeworm, common in central and south america, causes Seizures

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23
Q

HPV has an affinity for what other location in the neck

A

true vocal chords

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24
Q

what drug helps blanched veins around IV site

A

phentolamine

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25
Q

Moms with CMV increase the risk their babies will develop what eye condition?

A

chorioretinitis

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26
Q

Mycobacterium avium complex is treated by what antibiotic

A

Azythromycin

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27
Q

what drug is used for idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension

A

Bosentan

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28
Q

cardiac drug that slows phase 0 and prolongs repolarization

A

disopyramide

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29
Q

elevated levels of this are found in carcinoid syndrome

A

5-HIAA (hydrozyindoleacetic acid)

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30
Q

wound above clavicle between the midclavicular and lateral sternal lines will injur

A

lung pleura

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31
Q

Cannulation above the inguinal ligament can increase risk for blood collection in the

A

retroperitoneal space

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32
Q

most common cause for duodenal peptic ulcers

A

H. pylori

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33
Q

no apparent liver disease who have mild unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia

A

Gilbert syndrome

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34
Q

Anemia causes _____ serum ferritin and ______ circulating transferrin

A

low serum ferritin, high circulating transferrin

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35
Q

Hep B replicates in what sequence

A

double stranded DNA -> +RNA template -> double stranded DNA progeny

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36
Q

What heart chamber resides closest to esophagus

A

left atrium

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37
Q

what vascular structure is directly posterior to the esophagus

A

descending aorta

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38
Q

IV fluids increase left ventricular end-diastolic volumes causing increase in

A

end-diastolic sarcomere length

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39
Q

Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis: widespread glomerular lesions consistent with focal necrosis and crescent formation has cells containing

A

fibrin and macrophages

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40
Q

anapestic tumors bear no resemblance to the tissue of origin and present with

A

giant multinucleated tumor cells

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41
Q

Excess egg consumption can reduce BIOTIN which is a cofactor for the conversion of

A

pyruvate to oxaloacetate

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42
Q

ADH acts on the _______ increasing their permeability to water

A

collecting ducts

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43
Q

chronic alcoholism causes deficiency in thiamine a cofactor for

A

a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

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44
Q

S3 is indicative of what kind of failure

A

left ventricular failure

45
Q

Cushing syndrome with increased ACTH levels is caused by an adenoma where?

A

pituitary

46
Q

Normal aPTT but prolonged PT is a problem with ____ pathway and what factor

A

extrinsic factor VII

47
Q

what changes in the bone marrow during aplastic anemia

A

bone marrow replaced by fat cells and marrow stroma

48
Q

nitrates combined with phosphodiesterase inhibitors (erectile dysfunction) causes a profound systemic hypotension because they both increase______

A

intracellular cGMP causing vascular smooth muscle relaxation

49
Q

Flutamide is a non steroid agent that acts as a

A

competitive testosterone receptor inhibitor

50
Q

What is given for immediate anticoagulant reversal- binds to heparin

A

Protamine

51
Q

Warfarin overdose is treated with

A

fresh frozen plasma

52
Q

A fib has absent____ waves

A

P waves

53
Q

What determines the number of atrial impulses that reach the ventricle to control the ventricular contraction rate

A

Atrioventricular node refractory period

54
Q

What enzyme catalyzes the rate limiting step of bile acid synthesis

A

cholesterol- 7a- hydroxylase

55
Q

enteric pathogen transmitted from domestic animal to humans

A

Campylobacter

56
Q

ONLY cytokine with anti-inflammatory properties

A

IL-10

57
Q

what is the initiating step in the pathogenesis of Strep endocarditis

A

Fibrin deposition

58
Q

Strawberry-type capillary hemangioma intialy

A

increases with size and then regress

59
Q

cherry red face

A

cyanide poisoning

60
Q

hCG therapy primarily mimics which physiologic event

A

LH surge

61
Q

What makes up the Tetralogy of Fallot

A
  1. ventricular septal defect as a result of deviated infundibular septum 2. overriding aorta 3. Right ventricular outflow obstruction 4. Right ventricular hypertrophy
62
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot gets better when the patient

A

squats

63
Q

What study has a characteristic “wash out” period

A

crossover study

64
Q

most common urea cycle disorder that results in excess ammonia

A

ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency

65
Q

what mechanism is glucose entry into cells

A

carrier-mediated transport

66
Q

Patients who have undergone total gastrectomy require lifelong administration of what

A

B12 (water soluble vitamin) because there is no more intrinsic factor

67
Q

Gastric parietal cells secrete

A

HCl and IF

68
Q

Gastric chief cells secrete

A

pepsinogen

69
Q

Cardiac condition with intermittent heart sounds only heard during expiration

A

cardiac tamponade

70
Q

what artery lies along the posterior wall of the duodenal bulb and is likely to be eroded by posterior duodenal ulcers

A

gastroduodenal artery

71
Q

synthetic somatostatin used to treat carcinoid syndrome

A

octreotide

72
Q

clinical features of carcinoid syndrome

A

flushing, watery diarrhea, bronchospasm, elevated 5-HIAA

73
Q

What binds to K+ channels to regulate the release of insulin

A

ATP

74
Q

The pentose phosphate pathway generates

A

NADPH- used for glutathione and fatty acid synthesis

75
Q

Toxic Shock Syndrome induces response of what cells

A

T lymphocytes and macrophages

76
Q

Tampons are associated with what microbe

A

Staph aureus

77
Q

If abuse is suspected you should

A

obtain more information 1 on 1

78
Q

zinc finger motifs are associated with what hormone

A

thyroid hormone

79
Q

acute ischemic stroke most likely occurs in the

A

middle cerebral artery

80
Q

non fusion of the urethral folds in a male causes

A

hypospadias

81
Q

redistribution of blood flow away from ischemic areas, exacerbating existing myocardial ischemia occurs when

A

coronary arteriolar dilation

82
Q

PAH is not reabsorbed by the nephron and the concentration of PAH is lowest in

A

bowman’s space

83
Q

pearly mass behind the tympanic membrane is a result of

A

squamous cell debris (cholesteatoma)

84
Q

Propofol has quick onset and short duration of action because

A

tissue redistribution of the drug

85
Q

Immunization with diphtheria toxoid induces production of

A

circulating IgG against exotoxin B subunit

86
Q

The posterior descending artery can originate from what two arteries

A

right coronary artery (70%) or left circumflex artery (10%)

87
Q

obstruction by emboli of the coronary artery supplying the AV node in a left side dominant heart occurred because of atherosclerosis in what coronary artery

A

left circumflex artery

88
Q

where is the best location to hear tricuspid valve sounds

A

4th intercostal on left side

89
Q

what cells are present in an acute cardiac transplant rejection

A

dense interstitial lymphocytic infiltrate

90
Q

Down syndrome is commonly caused by

A

maternal meiotic nondisjunction

91
Q

a Krukenberg tumor is a gastric tumor that has metastasized to ____ and have what distinct cell type

A

the ovary with signet ring cell

92
Q

mutation in the methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase gene causes decreased enzymatic activity and impairment converting homocysteine into

A

methionine

93
Q

Progesterone is secreted during what phase of menstruation

A

secretory phase

94
Q

what can increase cardiac output and venous return

A

chronic arteriovenous fistula

95
Q

Ca+ efflux from cardiac cells prior to relaxation is primarily mediated by

A

Na-/Ca+ exchange pump

96
Q

clinical features of polycystic ovary syndrome

A

elevated LH levels= menstrual irregularaties , excess androgen production=hirsutism, enlarged ovaries, and insulin resistance

97
Q

what treatment mechanisms can help induce LH and FSH levels

A

estrogen receptor modulation

98
Q

normal ovaries and secondary sex characteristics, shortened vaginal canal with a rudimentary uterus is caused by

A

Mullerian aplasia

99
Q

Turner Syndrome is due to

A

paternal meiotic nondisjunction

100
Q

major blood supply to the uterus

A

internal iliac arteries

101
Q

what structure contains the ovarian artery, vein, lymphatics, and nerves

A

suspensory ligament of the ovary

102
Q

what process causes endometrial bleeding during menstruation

A

progesterone withdrawal causing apoptosis

103
Q

STD causing yellow-green frothy vaginal discharge

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

104
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis is best seen on what type of slide prep

A

saline wet mount

105
Q

septic abortion and foul smelling discharge is caused by what bacteria

A

Staph aureus

106
Q

right ovarian vein drains directly into

A

inferior vena cava

107
Q

bloody nipple discharge with no mass or skin change indicates

A

intraductal papilloma

108
Q

what hormone increases after ovulation

A

progesterone

(CBSE) All Subjects (10 decks)

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