Path 1 Quiz 5 Protein - Energy - Malnutrition Flashcards
PEM
referes to a range of clinical syndromes characterized by an inadequate dietary intake of proteins and calories to meet the body’s needs
Protein is in 2 compartments..
Somatic protein compartment
Visceral protein compartment
The somatic protein compartment is predominantly in the
skeletal mm.
- reserve protein source, take from here if needed
The visceral compartment is predominantly in the
Liver
Determine if this compartment is used by checking blood protein level - specifically albumin
Albumin
responsible for maintaining normal capillary oncotic pressure
When a child is less than 80% of normal weight there are considered
Malnourished
When a child is 60% of normal weight they are considered
Kwashiorkor
When a child is less than 60% of their normal weight they are considered
Marasmus
Characteristics Marasmus
- Growth retardation
- Loss of mm. because source of protein is gone
- Lack of energy - source of energy is gone
- Depletion of somatic protein compartment
- Serum albumin level is maybe a little less than normal butis mainly normal
Symptoms/signs of marasmus
Extremities are emaciated
Head is larger
Anemia - because there is no source of the components
Multivitamin Deficiency
Immune Deficiency ( decreased immune function)
AKA for Kwashiorkor - why?
“First - second”
Because this occurs most often during the fist or second month of birth; in 3rd world countries
Why is kwashiorkor worse than marasmus?
Because it is irreversible
Explain Kwashiorkor
There is a sufficient amount of energy from food (carbs) but not enough protein
Leads to a depletion of visceral protein compartment
In Kwashiorkor the visceral protein compartment is depleted this leads to low or high levels of blood albumin?
Low levels = hypoalbuminemia
What happens in hypoalbuminemia
Albumin is responsible for maintaining normal capillary oncotic pressure
Albumin normally keeps serum in the vessels, when it is low it serum moves to the tissues resulting in generalized edema
List the symptoms of Kwashiorkor
Generalized Edema
Hair changes: loss of color alternating band of pale and darker hair - straightening of the hair - seen in Africans
Skin lesions: zones of hyper pigmentation, areas of desquamousation, hypo pigmentation - “flakey paint” appearance of skin due to decrease in melanocytes
Fatty Liver (steatosis)
Hepatomegaly - Liver Fibrosis
Apathy, listlessness, anorexia
Decreased immunity
Why is there a decreased immunity in Kwashiorkor?
Because you need protein for immunity and there is a deficiency in protein
