Pasteurella and Friends

Question 1

What species of Pasteurella has capsule types A-F, denoting different antigenic properties, and infects multiple species such as humans, cats, dogs, pigs, cattle, rabbits, and birds?

Answer 1

Pasteurella multocida

Question 2

Which capsule type of P. multocida seems to be the most important and is mucoid, with hyaluronic acid?

Answer 2

Capsule type A

Question 3

P. multocida also has subdivisions based on what?

Answer 3

Somatic antigens (in cell wall)

Question 4

Pasteurella multocida virulence factors:

Answer 4

Fimbriae and outer membrane proteins

Capsule and LPS endotoxin

Siderophores and proteins for Fe++ acquisition

Question 5

P. multocida toxins:

Answer 5

RTX (repeat in toxin)
Dermonecrotic toxin
Hyaluronidase
Neuramidase

Question 6

Which toxin of P. multocida causes hemolysis and impairment of pulmonary macrophages?

Answer 6

RTX (repeat in toxin)

Question 7

Which toxin of P. multocida activates osteoclasts?

Answer 7

DNT (dermonectrotic toxin)

Question 8

High virulence strains of P. multocida are obligate pathogens and cause ______ in bovines, birds, and rabbits.

Answer 8

Septicemia

Question 9

Low virulence strains of P. multocida are facultative pathogens and cause __________ in bovines, rabbits, and pigs.

Answer 9

Rhinitis and pneumonia

Question 10

P. multocida capsule type A causes what diseases in cattle/sheep, pigs, rabbits, and poultry?

Answer 10

Cattle/sheep: Shipping Fever, pneumonia and mastitis

Pigs: Atropic rhinitis, pneumonia

Rabbits: snuffles, conjunctivitis

Poultry: fowl cholera

Question 11

Which P. multocida capsule type can be a problem in bite wounds?

Answer 11

Capsule type A

Question 12

Which capsule type of P. multocida causes hemorrhagic septicemia in cattle, bison and yak in SE Asia?

Answer 12

Capsule type B

Question 13

What capsule type of P. multocida causes hemorrhagic septicemia in cattle and water buffalo in Africa?

Answer 13

Capsule type E

Question 14

What capsule types of P. multocida cause atropic rhinitis in pigs and fowl cholera in poultry?

Answer 14

Capsule types A and D

Question 15

What capsule type of P. multocida causes pneumonia in poultry and rabbits?

Answer 15

Capsule type F

Question 16

Clinical signs of Snuffles in rabbits, caused by P. multocida:

Answer 16

pleuropneumonia
otitis
conjunctivitis
abscess

Question 17

In pigs, ______ and _______ cause Progressive Atropic Rhinitis

Answer 17

P. multocida and B. bronchiseptica

Question 18

Lung pasteurellosis is a secondary disease in pigs caused by ________, capsule type __, and the somatic antigen subdivision __.

Answer 18

Lung pasteurellosis is a secondary disease in pigs caused by P. MULTOCIDA, capsule type A, and the somatic antigen subdivision 3.

Question 19

In pigs, P. multocida is transmitted via

Answer 19

Aerosol (nose and carriers)

Question 20

Gross lesions associated with P. multocida infections in pigs

Answer 20

Supperative bronchopneumonia and fibrinous pleuritis

Question 21

Highly pathogenic P. multocida serotypes in bovines cause ___________ 50-100% mortality rate.

Answer 21

hemorrhagic septicemia

*capsule types B (SE Asia) and E (Africa)

Question 22

T/F: P. multocida in cattle is transmitted either by direct contact or by fleas/ticks.

Answer 22

TRUE

Question 23

T/F: Treatment of P. multocida in bovines includes antibiotics and corticosteroids.

Answer 23

FALSE: antibiotics don’t work Vaccinate!

Question 24

List those dumb birds from most to least susceptible to Fowl Cholera caused by P. multocida

Answer 24

Duck > Goose > Turkey > Chicken > Pheasant > Partridge > Guinea Fowl

Question 25

What are the clinical signs of CHRONIC P. multocida infection in chickens and turkeys?

Answer 25

Sneezing Nasal discharge Edema head

Question 26

Acute P. multocida infection in chickens and turkeys leads to:

Answer 26

Sudden death

Question 27

Should birds that are bitten by cats always be treated with antibiotics?

Answer 27

Yes, cat bites are hyperacute P. multocida infection in all bird species. Birds will die without treatment.

Question 28

T/F: P. multocida is a commensal in the nose and beak of healthy birds, and causes infection via the mouth, throat, trachea and skin.

Answer 28

TRUE

Question 29

Transmission route of P. multocida in birds

Answer 29

Nose/mouth, through food and drinking water.

Question 30

What percent of dog and cat bites transmit P. multocida?

Answer 30

5-15% of dog bites | 20% of cat bites

Question 31

This bacterium used to be a Pasteurella species, has capsule types A-F, and has a leukotoxin that only works on the leukocytes of bovines and sheep. Who is it?

Answer 31

Mannheimia hemolytica

Question 32

Mannheimia hemolytica's leukotoxin causes an increase in oxidative metabolism in ____ doses and lysis of phagocytes in ____ doses.

Answer 32

low; high

Question 33

T/F: M. hemolytica's leukotoxin has a low antigenicity.

Answer 33

FALSE: It's super duper antigenic

Question 34

Virulence factors of M. hemolytica

Answer 34

``` Leukotoxin Transferrin binding proteins LPS Fimbriae Capsule ```

Question 35

T/F: Sheep are susceptible to all serotypes of M. hemolytica, but there is low antibiotic resistance.

Answer 35

TRUE

Question 36

Where can M. hemolytica be found on a sheep?

Answer 36

Nose and tonsils

Question 37

Bovines are susceptible to which serotypes of M. hemolytica, which have a decent amount of acquired antibiotic resistance?

Answer 37

Serotypes 1, 2, 6

Question 38

What 2 bacteria cause bronchopneumonia in calves, or Shipping Fever?

Answer 38

M. hemolytica and P. multocida

Question 39

What is the endogenous route of infection for Shipping Fever?

Answer 39

Stress M. hemolytica multiplies at nasopharynx, causing fibronecrotic pneumonia. Secondary P. multocida infection (A, D)

Question 40

What is the exogenous route of infection for Shipping Fever?

Answer 40

Excretion of M. hemolytica by infected calves and spread to nearby animals

Question 41

Immunity for M. hemolytica in bovine bronchopneumonia is mainly _______.

Answer 41

Ab mediated

Question 42

Lung lesions associated with M. hemolytica in cattle

Answer 42

fibrinous necrotizing bronchopneumonia serofibrinous pleuritis well defined areas of pneumonia

Question 43

How would you diagnose Shipping Fever?

Answer 43

Culture: BAL, lungs, nose for M. hemolytica and P. multocida

Question 44

Treatment for M. hemolytica in cattle:

Answer 44

Antibiotics and corticosteroids

Question 45

Since vaccine success is variable for M. hemolytica infections in cattle, how else can infection be prevented?

Answer 45

Proper ventilation Thermoregulation Reduction of stomach fermentation by using a low energy concentration feed

Question 46

I am a former Pasteurella species causing septicemia in sheep 5-12 months old, triggered by stress or a change in feed. Who am I?

Answer 46

Bibersteinia trehalosi

Question 47

Differential diagnosis for Bibersteinia trehalosi infections

Answer 47

Clostridium perfringens