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RUSVM Bacteriology > General Bacti/Myco > Flashcards

General Bacti/Myco Flashcards

1
Q

Prokaryotes have a chemically complex ___ ___.

A

cell wall

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2
Q

Prokaryotic form of reproduction

A

Asexual. Binary fission.

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3
Q

Prokaryotic ribosomes

A

small, 70s

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4
Q

Prokaryote chromosome type

A

single, haploid, circular

*Exceptions: Leptospira has 2 circular chromosomes. Borrelia burgdorferi has linear chromosomes.

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5
Q

What type of bacterium has no cell wall?

A

Mycoplasma

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6
Q

What characteristic of bacteria makes it easy for nutrients to penetrate from the surface to all parts of the cell?

A

Large surface to volume ratio (3:1)

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7
Q

The bacterial cell wall is made up of what?

A

Peptidoglycan

*Gram stain

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8
Q

Mycobacteria have what in their cell wall?

A

Mycolic acid (virulence factor)

*Acid fast stain

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9
Q

What class of bacteria has lipoteichoic acid in the cell wall, making them more antigenic?

A

Gram positive

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10
Q

What class of bacteria is resistant to physical disruption/drying, but is susceptible to ionic detergents?

A

Gram positive

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11
Q

What class of bacteria has Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) surrounding the cell wall?

A

Gram negatve

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12
Q

What are the 2 components of LPS in Gram negative bacteria?

A

Lipid A: endotoxin

Polysaccharide chain: antigenic

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13
Q

What class of bacteria is susceptible to physical disruption/drying, but resistant to ionic detergents?

A

Gram negative

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14
Q

Spirochetes have what type of flagellum?

A

Endoflagella in the periplasmic space (corkscrew motion)

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15
Q

What type of hair-like bacterial accessories help with adherence and antigenicity, as seen with E. coli K88 and K99?

A

Pili or fimbriae

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16
Q

3 main functions of the polysaccharide capsule:

A

Nutrient reserve
Adherence
Evasion from phagocytosis

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17
Q

Clostridium and Bacillus spp can form and release _______ to promote survival via cryptobiotic dormancy during poor environmental conditions.

A

Endospores

18
Q

Endospores are formed _______.

A

Intracellularly

19
Q

Eukaryotic, heterotrophic, and strictly aerobic microorganisms

A

Fungi

20
Q

Fungi have a cell wall made of _____.

A

Chitin

21
Q

2 types of fungi

A 
Unicellular yeasts
Multicellular molds (branching hyphae)
22
Q

Methods of fungal reproduction

A

Sexual (spores)

Asexual (spores, budding, fragmentation)

23
Q

T/F: Fungi are easily killed with antimicrobials.

A

False! They are resistant!

24
Q

T/F: the majority of fungi are saprophytes and are non pathogenic, so it’s much more common to suffer from a bacterial infection than a fungal infection/

A

True :-)

25
Q

Mycosis:

A

Fungal tissue invasion

*dermatomycoses

26
Q

Mycotoxicosis:

A

Fungal toxin production

*ingestion of fungal toxins

27
Q

What mechanism of fungal infection is responsible for chronic pulmonary disease in cattle and horses?

A

Ability to induce hypersensitivity

28
Q

Do most pathogenic bacteria live inside or outside the cell?

A

Outside

29
Q

Rickettsia and Chlamydia are examples of the few bacteria that are _______ _______, and need a host to replicate.

A

Obligate intracellular

30
Q

Mycobacterium and Rhodococcus are examples of some bacteria that can survive intra- or extracellularly, known as ______ ______.

A

Facultative intracellular

31
Q

_______ pathogens are high in number, cause non-specific disease and have a low virulence

A

Opportunistic//facultative

32
Q

______ pathogens are low in number, cause a distinct disease and and have a high virulence.

A

Obligate

33
Q

Type of infection in which the individual does not show signs, but is able to infect others, and may resist reinfection.

A

Subclinical disease

34
Q

Iceberg concept of disease from base to tip

A

Exposure without infection > subclinical disease > mild illness > severe disease/death

35
Q

T/F: all infectious diseases are communicable

A

FALSE

36
Q

What are the factors generally required for bacterial growth?

A

Iron, sugar, oxygen (some)

37
Q

What are the phases of the bacterial growth curve?

A
  1. Lag phase (eating and preparing to reproduce)
  2. Log phase (exponential growth)
  3. Stationary phase (growth=death)
  4. Decline/death (nutrients depleted = cell death)
38
Q

Heat labile toxins that are produced by bacteria and released on target cells.

A

Exotoxins

39
Q

Heat stable cell wall components that induce inflammation by stimulating the immune system

A

Endotoxins

40
Q

Three ways that bacteria can transfer virulence factors:

A

Transduction (by phage)
Transformation (uptake of free DNA)
Conjugation (by direct contact)

RUSVM Bacteriology (13 decks)

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