Actinobacillus Flashcards
What facultative pathogen of pigs under 6 months of age needs to be cultured with S. aureus as a source of NAD?
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
What are the 2 types of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and how do they differ when cultured?
Biotype 1: NAD dependent - no growth beyond diffusion zone of NAD (S. aureus)
Biotype 2: NAD independent - no limit to growth
What are the 2 types of transmission for Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae?
Pig to Pig: contact or aerosol
Stable to Stable: ventilation, regrouping, farmers
What are the clinical signs associated with acute and hyperacute A. pleuropneumoniae infection?
Fibrinous pleuritis, hemorrhagic necrotizing pneumonia, respiratory distress
What can be found on the lungs in chronic A. pleuropneumoniae infections?
Nodules
Detection of carriers is critical in controlling outbreaks of A. pleuropneumoniae. How would you test pigs in the stable to see if they’re carriers?
PCR on swabs from the nose and tonsils
T/F: pigs can be vaccinated against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae.
TRUE
Antibiotics are administered in what ways for A. pleuropneumoniae?
IV or PO
What kind of toxin does A. pleuropneumoniae produce?
APX
Which Actinobacillus species is similar to A. pleuropneumoniae, but less severe, and found in the tonsils and vagina of carriers?
Actinobacillus suis
What are the 2 subspecies of Actinobacillus equuli?
Haemolyticus
Equuli
Which subspecies of Actinobacillus equuli has a horse reservoir?
subsp Haemolyticus
Pigs and horses are reservoirs for what subspecies of A. equuli?
subsp Equuli
What are the clinical signs of Actinobacillus equuli BEFORE septicemia?
Pneumonia
Pleuritis
Bronchitis
Septicemia from A. equuli in foals leads to what?
Sleepy Foal Disease, enteritis, slimy pus
Septicemia from A. equuli in adult horses causes what clinical signs?
Abortion, joint localization.
T/F: both foals and adults can be treated successfully with abx after being infected by A. equuli.
FALSE: adults can be treated but antibiotic treatment in foals fails most of the time :-(
What Actinobacillus species causes “wooden tongue” or “timber tongue” in cows, and sometimes stomatitis in horses?
Actinobacillus lignieresii
Infection by Actinobacillus lignieresii is endogenic and can be found in the _________ of cattle, sheep and horses.
nasopharynx
A. lignieresii infects what type of tissue?
Connective tissue (weak tissues)
You arrive at a farm to discover one of the cows has granulomatous abscesses around the jawline with yellow pus and sulfur granules. In light of a recent surgical procedure, you are suspicious of Actinobacillus lignieresii. What could have caused this, how can you test for it, and how will you treat it?
Likely caused by surgical contamination.
Dx: microscopy of granules to see structure and look for Gram negative bacteria.
Tx: Surgical intervention and iodine based topicals
What’s the prognosis like for Actinobacillus lignieresii?
Good only if caught early!
Relapse common.
