Bordetella Flashcards
T/F: Bordetella species are highly zoonotic.
FALSE: rarely zoonotic, and only in immunocompromised patients.
Ideal temperature for culture of bordetella species.
30*C due to its affinity for lower temperatures in the nasal cavity.
Bacterial species that causes kennel cough in dogs and atropic rhinitis in pigs, as well as infecting rabbits and guinea pigs.
Bordetella bronchiseptica
Most important adhesin of B. bronchiseptica
Hemagglutinin - facilitates adhesion to macrophages, making secondary infections possible.
What property of B. bronchiseptica controls virulence, causing it to be more virulent in lower temperatures (nasal cavity)?
Bvg regulon
Which toxin of B. bronchiseptica is pore forming and inhibits neutrophils?
Hemolysin (RTX)
What does B. bronchiseptica’s dermonecrotic toxin do?
*Bonus points if you know which bacterium can amplify these effects.
Skin necrosis
Damages nasal tissue
Damages osteoblasts
*Bonus: co-infection with P. multocida amplifies effects by activating osteoclasts.
What 2 toxins of B. bronchiseptica damage osteoblasts?
Dermonecrotic toxin
Osteo toxin
What 3 diseases does B. bronchiseptica cause in pigs?
Non progressive atropic rhinitis
Pneumonic bordetellosis
Progressive atropic rhinitis
Which of the pig diseases caused by B. bronchiseptica causes nasal discharge and mucus, and involves dermonecrotic toxin?
Non progressive atropic rhinitis
Progressive atropic rhinitis differs from non progressive in what ways?
Co-infection with Pasteurella multocida, which colonizes the nose due to special conditions created by B. bronchiseptica.
What are the main clinical signs of progressive atropic rhinitis?
Sneezing
Tears
Blood
Nasal deviation
What conditions must be created by B. bronchiseptica to allow P. multocida to colonize the nose and cause progressive atropic rhinitis?
Increased mucus production
NH3 damage to nasal epithelium
Increased infection pressure
Factors that influence the severity of progressive atropic rhinitis in pigs?
Dust
Poor ventilation
Age
Infection pressure
How is progressive atropic rhinitis spread?
Aerosol (direct)
B. bronchiseptica from sows to offspring
P. multocida from older to younger piglets. (Don’t mix age groups)
T/F: progressive atropic rhinitis is easily treated with antibiotics so there is no need for vaccination.
FALSE: it is difficult to treat, so sows should be vaccinated and farm management to prevent (ventilation, cleanliness)
At what ages is pneumonic bordetellosis considered a primary vs a secondary infection in piglets?
Younger than 1 week = primary infection
Older than one week = secondary infection
T/F: symptoms of pneumonic bordetellosis in piglets include cough, dyspnea, and fever.
FALSE: symptoms include cough and dyspnea, but fever is not generally seen,
What gross lesions would you expect to find in a piglet who had pneumonic bordetellosis?
Red, brown, or yellow/brown lung lesions, which will be dry when chronic.
Purulent bronchiolitis and alveolitis
What is the sampling technique for Bordetella bronchiseptica?
Culture of nose and tonsils, requiring a long, flexible swab
Diagnostic methods for B. bronchiseptica:
Culture on blood agar at 30*C
Small, gray colonies and hemolysis seen
T/F: B. bronchiseptica has natural resistance to various antibiotics, such as ampi/amoxi, streptomycin, and nitrofurantin. It also has acquired a resistance to sulfonamides.
TRUE - use tetracyclines
What disease of B. bronchiseptica causes rhinitis, laryngitis, tracheobronchitis, pneumonia, and pleuritis in dogs?
Kennel cough
What is the pathogenesis of B. bronchiseptica in kennel cough?
Adhesion to ciliated respiratory epithelium
NH3 and toxin damage
Increased mucus production
Susceptibility to secondary infections