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RUSVM Bacteriology > Bordetella > Flashcards

Bordetella Flashcards

1
Q

T/F: Bordetella species are highly zoonotic.

A

FALSE: rarely zoonotic, and only in immunocompromised patients.

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2
Q

Ideal temperature for culture of bordetella species.

A

30*C due to its affinity for lower temperatures in the nasal cavity.

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3
Q

Bacterial species that causes kennel cough in dogs and atropic rhinitis in pigs, as well as infecting rabbits and guinea pigs.

A

Bordetella bronchiseptica

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4
Q

Most important adhesin of B. bronchiseptica

A

Hemagglutinin - facilitates adhesion to macrophages, making secondary infections possible.

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5
Q

What property of B. bronchiseptica controls virulence, causing it to be more virulent in lower temperatures (nasal cavity)?

A

Bvg regulon

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6
Q

Which toxin of B. bronchiseptica is pore forming and inhibits neutrophils?

A

Hemolysin (RTX)

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7
Q

What does B. bronchiseptica’s dermonecrotic toxin do?

*Bonus points if you know which bacterium can amplify these effects.

A

Skin necrosis
Damages nasal tissue
Damages osteoblasts

*Bonus: co-infection with P. multocida amplifies effects by activating osteoclasts.

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8
Q

What 2 toxins of B. bronchiseptica damage osteoblasts?

A

Dermonecrotic toxin

Osteo toxin

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9
Q

What 3 diseases does B. bronchiseptica cause in pigs?

A

Non progressive atropic rhinitis
Pneumonic bordetellosis
Progressive atropic rhinitis

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10
Q

Which of the pig diseases caused by B. bronchiseptica causes nasal discharge and mucus, and involves dermonecrotic toxin?

A

Non progressive atropic rhinitis

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11
Q

Progressive atropic rhinitis differs from non progressive in what ways?

A

Co-infection with Pasteurella multocida, which colonizes the nose due to special conditions created by B. bronchiseptica.

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12
Q

What are the main clinical signs of progressive atropic rhinitis?

A

Sneezing
Tears
Blood
Nasal deviation

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13
Q

What conditions must be created by B. bronchiseptica to allow P. multocida to colonize the nose and cause progressive atropic rhinitis?

A

Increased mucus production

NH3 damage to nasal epithelium

Increased infection pressure

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14
Q

Factors that influence the severity of progressive atropic rhinitis in pigs?

A

Dust
Poor ventilation
Age
Infection pressure

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15
Q

How is progressive atropic rhinitis spread?

A

Aerosol (direct)

B. bronchiseptica from sows to offspring

P. multocida from older to younger piglets. (Don’t mix age groups)

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16
Q

T/F: progressive atropic rhinitis is easily treated with antibiotics so there is no need for vaccination.

A

FALSE: it is difficult to treat, so sows should be vaccinated and farm management to prevent (ventilation, cleanliness)

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17
Q

At what ages is pneumonic bordetellosis considered a primary vs a secondary infection in piglets?

A

Younger than 1 week = primary infection

Older than one week = secondary infection

18
Q

T/F: symptoms of pneumonic bordetellosis in piglets include cough, dyspnea, and fever.

A

FALSE: symptoms include cough and dyspnea, but fever is not generally seen,

19
Q

What gross lesions would you expect to find in a piglet who had pneumonic bordetellosis?

A

Red, brown, or yellow/brown lung lesions, which will be dry when chronic.

Purulent bronchiolitis and alveolitis

20
Q

What is the sampling technique for Bordetella bronchiseptica?

A

Culture of nose and tonsils, requiring a long, flexible swab

21
Q

Diagnostic methods for B. bronchiseptica:

A

Culture on blood agar at 30*C

Small, gray colonies and hemolysis seen

22
Q

T/F: B. bronchiseptica has natural resistance to various antibiotics, such as ampi/amoxi, streptomycin, and nitrofurantin. It also has acquired a resistance to sulfonamides.

A

TRUE - use tetracyclines

23
Q

What disease of B. bronchiseptica causes rhinitis, laryngitis, tracheobronchitis, pneumonia, and pleuritis in dogs?

A

Kennel cough

24
Q

What is the pathogenesis of B. bronchiseptica in kennel cough?

A

Adhesion to ciliated respiratory epithelium

NH3 and toxin damage

Increased mucus production

Susceptibility to secondary infections

25
Q

Clinical signs of kennel cough

A

Dry cough
Fever
Decreased appetite
Lethargy

26
Q

Ab production against kennel cough infections is slow. What does this mean clinically?

A

Long excretion (14wks)

27
Q

A dog presents to your clinic with what is suspected to be kennel cough. What test would you use to diagnose is and how would you treat?

A

BAL and culture to diagnose (blood agar at 30*C)

Treat with tetracyclines only if general symptoms (fever, anorexia, lethargy). If no general symptoms, treat symptomatically (no abx) because kennel cough is self limiting.

28
Q

What is the best way to prevent kennel cough infections in dogs?

A

VACCINATE. Live vaccine doesn’t need a booster and has no interference with maternal immunity, unlike the inactive vaccine.

29
Q

B. bronchiseptica infection presents as dyspnea, tears, photophobia, cough, lymph node swelling, fever, and sometimes death in what species?

A

Cats

30
Q

How would you treat a B. bronchiseptica infection in a horse?

A

Reduce dust

3 weeks of rest

Soak hay and feed on floor. Eventually replace with alfalfa.

31
Q

Which bordetella species causes Coryza in turkeys?

A

Bordetella avium

*co-infection with TRT virus

32
Q

T/F: Like in canine kennel cough, Coryza in turkeys is usually a complex infection, with multiple species of bacteria, and viruses contributing.

A

TRUE

33
Q

Clinical symptoms of Coryza, caused by B. avium + TRT virus, in turkeys

A 
Decreased growth
Nasal discharge
Head shaking
Tracheal rales
Open beak breathing
Dirt on wings
34
Q

B. avium transmission

A

Exogenous : floor, bedding, drinking water. Older birds are carriers.

35
Q

Syndrome associated with Coryza in turkeys:

A

Swollen head syndrome

36
Q

Because antibiotics have little effect on treating B. avium infections in birds, how can infections be prevented?

A

Hygiene!
Vaccinate mothers
Don’t mix age groups

37
Q

In which species are almost all animals carriers of B. bronchiseptica?

A

Rabbits

38
Q

Clinical signs of B. bronchiseptica in rabbits

A 
nasal discharge
sneezing
snoring
conjuntivitis
BLINDNESS
ear infections
39
Q

T/F: Co-infection with B. bronchiseptica and P. multocida in rabbits causes bronchopneumonia, and requires immediate antibiotic treatment.

A

FALSE: bronchopneumonia doesn’t usually require treatment in rabbits

40
Q

Which antibiotics are most deadly to rabbits?

A

Clindamycin: 100% mortality

Penicillins: 40-80% mortality

RUSVM Bacteriology (13 decks)

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