Bordetella Flashcards

1
Q

T/F: Bordetella species are highly zoonotic.

A

FALSE: rarely zoonotic, and only in immunocompromised patients.

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2
Q

Ideal temperature for culture of bordetella species.

A

30*C due to its affinity for lower temperatures in the nasal cavity.

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3
Q

Bacterial species that causes kennel cough in dogs and atropic rhinitis in pigs, as well as infecting rabbits and guinea pigs.

A

Bordetella bronchiseptica

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4
Q

Most important adhesin of B. bronchiseptica

A

Hemagglutinin - facilitates adhesion to macrophages, making secondary infections possible.

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5
Q

What property of B. bronchiseptica controls virulence, causing it to be more virulent in lower temperatures (nasal cavity)?

A

Bvg regulon

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6
Q

Which toxin of B. bronchiseptica is pore forming and inhibits neutrophils?

A

Hemolysin (RTX)

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7
Q

What does B. bronchiseptica’s dermonecrotic toxin do?

*Bonus points if you know which bacterium can amplify these effects.

A

Skin necrosis
Damages nasal tissue
Damages osteoblasts

*Bonus: co-infection with P. multocida amplifies effects by activating osteoclasts.

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8
Q

What 2 toxins of B. bronchiseptica damage osteoblasts?

A

Dermonecrotic toxin

Osteo toxin

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9
Q

What 3 diseases does B. bronchiseptica cause in pigs?

A

Non progressive atropic rhinitis
Pneumonic bordetellosis
Progressive atropic rhinitis

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10
Q

Which of the pig diseases caused by B. bronchiseptica causes nasal discharge and mucus, and involves dermonecrotic toxin?

A

Non progressive atropic rhinitis

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11
Q

Progressive atropic rhinitis differs from non progressive in what ways?

A

Co-infection with Pasteurella multocida, which colonizes the nose due to special conditions created by B. bronchiseptica.

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12
Q

What are the main clinical signs of progressive atropic rhinitis?

A

Sneezing
Tears
Blood
Nasal deviation

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13
Q

What conditions must be created by B. bronchiseptica to allow P. multocida to colonize the nose and cause progressive atropic rhinitis?

A

Increased mucus production

NH3 damage to nasal epithelium

Increased infection pressure

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14
Q

Factors that influence the severity of progressive atropic rhinitis in pigs?

A

Dust
Poor ventilation
Age
Infection pressure

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15
Q

How is progressive atropic rhinitis spread?

A

Aerosol (direct)

B. bronchiseptica from sows to offspring

P. multocida from older to younger piglets. (Don’t mix age groups)

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16
Q

T/F: progressive atropic rhinitis is easily treated with antibiotics so there is no need for vaccination.

A

FALSE: it is difficult to treat, so sows should be vaccinated and farm management to prevent (ventilation, cleanliness)

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17
Q

At what ages is pneumonic bordetellosis considered a primary vs a secondary infection in piglets?

A

Younger than 1 week = primary infection

Older than one week = secondary infection

18
Q

T/F: symptoms of pneumonic bordetellosis in piglets include cough, dyspnea, and fever.

A

FALSE: symptoms include cough and dyspnea, but fever is not generally seen,

19
Q

What gross lesions would you expect to find in a piglet who had pneumonic bordetellosis?

A

Red, brown, or yellow/brown lung lesions, which will be dry when chronic.

Purulent bronchiolitis and alveolitis

20
Q

What is the sampling technique for Bordetella bronchiseptica?

A

Culture of nose and tonsils, requiring a long, flexible swab

21
Q

Diagnostic methods for B. bronchiseptica:

A

Culture on blood agar at 30*C

Small, gray colonies and hemolysis seen

22
Q

T/F: B. bronchiseptica has natural resistance to various antibiotics, such as ampi/amoxi, streptomycin, and nitrofurantin. It also has acquired a resistance to sulfonamides.

A

TRUE - use tetracyclines

23
Q

What disease of B. bronchiseptica causes rhinitis, laryngitis, tracheobronchitis, pneumonia, and pleuritis in dogs?

A

Kennel cough

24
Q

What is the pathogenesis of B. bronchiseptica in kennel cough?

A

Adhesion to ciliated respiratory epithelium

NH3 and toxin damage

Increased mucus production

Susceptibility to secondary infections

25
Clinical signs of kennel cough
Dry cough Fever Decreased appetite Lethargy
26
Ab production against kennel cough infections is slow. What does this mean clinically?
Long excretion (14wks)
27
A dog presents to your clinic with what is suspected to be kennel cough. What test would you use to diagnose is and how would you treat?
BAL and culture to diagnose (blood agar at 30*C) Treat with tetracyclines only if general symptoms (fever, anorexia, lethargy). If no general symptoms, treat symptomatically (no abx) because kennel cough is self limiting.
28
What is the best way to prevent kennel cough infections in dogs?
VACCINATE. Live vaccine doesn't need a booster and has no interference with maternal immunity, unlike the inactive vaccine.
29
B. bronchiseptica infection presents as dyspnea, tears, photophobia, cough, lymph node swelling, fever, and sometimes death in what species?
Cats
30
How would you treat a B. bronchiseptica infection in a horse?
Reduce dust 3 weeks of rest Soak hay and feed on floor. Eventually replace with alfalfa.
31
Which bordetella species causes Coryza in turkeys?
Bordetella avium *co-infection with TRT virus
32
T/F: Like in canine kennel cough, Coryza in turkeys is usually a complex infection, with multiple species of bacteria, and viruses contributing.
TRUE
33
Clinical symptoms of Coryza, caused by B. avium + TRT virus, in turkeys
``` Decreased growth Nasal discharge Head shaking Tracheal rales Open beak breathing Dirt on wings ```
34
B. avium transmission
Exogenous : floor, bedding, drinking water. Older birds are carriers.
35
Syndrome associated with Coryza in turkeys:
Swollen head syndrome
36
Because antibiotics have little effect on treating B. avium infections in birds, how can infections be prevented?
Hygiene! Vaccinate mothers Don't mix age groups
37
In which species are almost all animals carriers of B. bronchiseptica?
Rabbits
38
Clinical signs of B. bronchiseptica in rabbits
``` nasal discharge sneezing snoring conjuntivitis BLINDNESS ear infections ```
39
T/F: Co-infection with B. bronchiseptica and P. multocida in rabbits causes bronchopneumonia, and requires immediate antibiotic treatment.
FALSE: bronchopneumonia doesn't usually require treatment in rabbits
40
Which antibiotics are most deadly to rabbits?
Clindamycin: 100% mortality Penicillins: 40-80% mortality