E. coli Flashcards
E. coli is lactose ______ and oxidase ______.
Lactose positive
Oxidase negative
What is the bacterium that causes the most nonsocomial infections in hospital patients?
E. coli
Does E. coli live in the environment?
Nope, just in the GI tract
Types of E. coli infections found in pigs
ETEC - enterotoxigenic VTEC - verotoxigenic EPEC - enteropathogenic UTI MMA - mastitis Septicemia
ETEC affects pigs of what age?
Neonates –> weaning (“weaning diarrhea”)
What is the determining factor that causes ETEC disease in piglets?
Break in equilibrium between maternal immunity and infection pressure
Important receptors involved in ETEC infection in pigs
Neonate: F4, F5, F6, F41
Up until 4wks: F4
Weaning age: F4, F18
Toxins involved in ETEC in pigs
LT
STa
STb
EAST1
Symptoms of ETEC in pigs?
Watery diarrhea
V smelly feces
*In older animals, white/gray stool
VTEC affects pigs of what age?
3 weeks post weaning
What is the adhesion factor associated with VTEC in pigs?
F18
What is the disease associated with VTEC in pigs and what are the symptoms?
Edema disease: CNS symptoms, swollen eyelids, hoarse, dyspnea.
Multiple pigs affected!
*diarrhea when mixed infection with ETEC
What is the adhesion factor associated with VTEC/Edema disease?
F18
Treatments for Edema disease/VTEC:
Fasting
Increase peristalsis
Antimicrobials for those not yet showing signs
Prevention of VTEC:
Reduce stress
Increase fiber
Feed organic acids and zinc
Vaccinate (recombinant) at 4 days
What method of intimate attachment/invasion does EPEC use?
eae
T3SS needle and injection of effector proteins
Diagnosis of EPEC
PCR for detection of eae intimin gene
What is the most important bacterium in UTI?
E. coli
What is the treatment plan for pigs with UTI?
Culling (fertility problems) or try Abx for 3 weeks
T/F: Metritis-Mastitis-Agalactiae (MMA) and Post Partum Dysgalactiae Syndrome (PPDS) are only caused by E. coli?
FALSE: They can also be hereditary/hormonal, or a result of the pig feed.
Sow infection with MMA can lead to decreased maternal immunity, which means what for neonatal pigs?
Break in equilibrium between infection pressure and immunity. Neonates will get ETEC.
T/F: It is common for E. coli to cause septicemia, especially as a primary infection.
FALSE: Septicemia caused by E. coli is rare, and when it is seem, it is secondary to an enteric infection.
Bovines are susceptible to what kinds of E. coli infections?
ETEC
EPEC/EHEC
Mastitis
Septicemia (NTEC)
ETEC affects what age of cattle and caused what clinical signs?
Neonates - less than 3 days old
Watery diarrhea and dehydration
What are the virulence factors associated with Bovine ETEC?
Adhesion/fimbriae: F5, F41, F17. CS31A
Toxins: StA and StB
T/F: ETEC has the same trigger for infection in bovines as it does in pigs.
TRUE: imbalance in equilibrium between maternal immunity and infection pressure
“Too late, too little, too low” refers to?
Colostrum and a decrease in maternal immunity
Diagnosis of ETEC in bovines:
ELISA (Ag detection)
Culture + virulence factors (Agg or PCR)
T/F: ETEC in bovines should always be treated with parental therapy (systemic antibiotics)
FALSE: It has a high level of resistance and should only be treated systemically when fever accompanies the diarrhea. An intestinally local antibiotic such as Colistin should be used when there is no fever present.
How can bovine ETEC be managed on dairy farms?
Separate calves from mothers
Use colostrum of multi-partus animals
Administer Colostin and Ab
Vaccinate dams
Bovine EPEC/EHEC affects what age group and causes what clinical signs?
1-8wks
Mucoid diarrhea +/- blood (large intestine)
T/F: Bovine EHEC is zoonotic and isn’t afraid to take a life
TRUE: 0157:H7 is transmissible to humans, and while it will literally kill YOU, the infection is much less serious for Bessie.
What E. coli related disease in cattle results in a lost udder quarter (no longer producing milk), and can be prevented by improving hygiene?
mastitis
ExPEC/NTEC causes what disease in cattle?
Septicemia
While ExPEC/NTEC absorbed through the umbilical cord will directly cause septicemia, per os uptake will run through what system before causing sepsis?
Lymphoid tissues of the head, throat, and intestine
When will ExPEC/NTEC cause shock in cattle?
Hyperacutely
Slower progression and organ localization of septic E. coli, can produce what clinical signs?
Polyarthritis
pneumonia
pleuritis
meningio-encephalitis
What characteristic of serum is used to diagnose ExPEC/NTEC in cattle?
low gamma globulins
*can be supplemented from other animals for treatment
T/F: A great way to prevent septic E. coli infections in cattle is to make sure the babies get enough colostrum in the first 24 hours after birth.
TRUE
Is isolation of E. coli from the intestine of a dog or cat clinically significant?
No. it is normal flora and is found in clinically healthy animals.
In the canine, ______ and ______ are caused by the same strain of E. coli.
Cystitis and pyometra
T/F: E. coli is a common finding in feline cystitis.
FALSE: cat urine is sorta antibacterial
What is the most important bacterial dz in broilers and layers?
APEC (avian E.coli)
What are the most frequent serotypes of APEC?
01
02
078
Clinical signs of APEC in broilers?
scabby hip
necrotic dermatitis
Clinical signs of APEC in neonatal and respiratory infections?
colibacillosis and septicemia
What is the chronic form of APEC in older birds?
Peritonitis in layers
Diagnosing APEC
pathologic lesions
isolation of E. coli from liver, spleen, lungs
T/F: Since treatment of APEC is very difficult, vaccination is recommended for prevention.
TRUE
What makes APEC difficult to diagnose, and is the reason it is mostly discovered on slaughter?
Scabby hip/necrotic dermatitis is hidden under feathers.
What E. coli disease in rabbits has to be diagnosed by subtyping?
RPEC (EPEC)
