Past qs 2018/19 Flashcards
Sentences on Lead
- What organ it accumulates in with what ion deficiency
- It inhibits…synthesis and the level of ALA…but in dogs it stays the same
- What organ it accumulates in with what ion deficiency
- Accumulates in bones
- Deficient Mg-Fe - It inhibits…synthesis and the level of ALA…but in dogs it stays the same
- Inhibits heme synthesis
- ALA increases (gets accumulated)
Sentences on fluoride
- Organs and tissues it accumulates in: ?
- An ion that reduces its absorption ?
- What form is it in the blood? ?
- It’s excreted in the …. in ….. form
- Organs and tissues it accumulates in BONE, TEETH, (HAIR, SOFT TISSUE)
- An ion that reduces its absorption CA2+ COMPOUNDS
- What form is it in the blood? CaF2
- It’s excreted in the …. in ….. form IN KIDNEY (ionised form) WITH CA2+
Match the plant to its toxin (6)
- Deadly nightshade
- Bitter almond
- Autumn crocus
- Monkshood
- Lilly of the valley
-Deadly nightshade TROPANE ALKALOID: ATROPINE, SCOPOLAMINE, HYOSCIAMINE
-Bitter almond CYANOGENIC GLYCOSIDE, cyanide
-Autumn crocus COLCHICINE
-Monkshood ACONITINE
-Lilly of the valley Convallatoxin, saponine (SAPONINE, VOLATILE OIL, CARDIOACTIVE GLYCOSIDE: CONVALLATOXIN, CONVALLOSIDE CONVALLAMAROZIDE, CONVALLARIN
CONVALLAMARIN)
New questions:
- What is the most toxic plant part: see plant list!
- What does CO bind to?
- What is not toxic in ethylene glycol poisoning:
- What is not used for nitrite poisoning?
- Most sensitive to atropine?
- What is the most toxic plant part: see plant list!
- What does CO bind to? CO-Hb
- What is not toxic in ethylene glycol poisoning: ethylene glycol
- What is not used for nitrite poisoning? Acetylcystein
- Most sensitive to atropine? cat?
Ethylene glycol toxicosis; antidote with time, concentration and dosage
- Ethanol (20%) 5ml/kg IV every 4-6h
- Fomepizole: 20 mg/kg
Other name for Fomepizole, primary lesion organ, and changes of it, the enzymes and acids
Other name: 4-methyl-pirazole, Antizol
Specific inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase ethanol
Primary lesions: Nervous system, CV, kidneys
Acidic metabolites: mainly glycolic acid
What happens in anticoagulant rodenticide poisoning? (Negative marking)
Anaemia, prehep. icterus, hematomas, epistaxis and hemoperitoneum
Dithiocarbamate mechanism
- Alcohol-dehydrogenase, AchE inhibition metabolic effects
- Disturb endogenous NA synthesis tachycardia, hypotension
- Acetaldehyde intoxication
- Inhibition coversion of inorganic iodine to organic goiter
- Reproductive problems (testis atrophy)
- Mutagenic, teratogenic, embriotoxic
- Local irritative effect (skin, mucosa)
- Peripheral demyelination
- Degeneration (skeletal muscle/heart)
Pralidoxime uses
Organophosphate antidote
Where … act:
- Satratoxin
- Penitrem
- Phomopsin
- Zearalenon
- Ochratoxin
- Aflatoxin
- Fumonisin
- T-2 toxin
- Satratoxin - GIT
- Penitrem - Nervous system
- Phomopsin - Liver
- Zearalenon - Genitals
- Ochratoxin - Kidneys
- Aflatoxin - Liver
- Fumonisin - Nervous system
- T-2 toxin - GIT
Blue star
- Poisonous component: ?
- Poisonous part: ?
- CS: ?
- Treatment: ?
- Poisonous component: Indole alkalois (LSD) + glycosides (GI)
- Poisonous part: Seed
- CS: hallucinogenic (behavioral aberrations), GI signs, hypotension
- Treatment:
- GI decontamintion: emesis/gastric lavage, activated charcoal
- Seizures: Diazepam, Barbiturates
Animal most susceptible to Fumonisin
Swine, horse
Types of blood problems: give poison, colour and treatment
- MethHb
- Inhibition of cytochrome oxydase
- CO-Hb
- Displacing oxygen
- MethHb: Nitrate/nitrite - Chocolate brown - Methylene blue
- Inhibition of cytochrome oxydase: Cyanide - Cherry Red - Nitrite + thiosulphate
- CO-Hb: CO - Cherry red - Fresh air, O2 5%CO2
- Displacing oxygen: CO2 - Dark (blue) - Oxygen, Fresh air
Copper toxicosis (species/where it accumulates/toxic dose/where it goes/treatment w. dose/symptoms)
- Species: sheep, cattle, swine
- Accumulation in liver
- Treatment: antidotes
- Toxic dose?
- D-penicillamine: 20 mg/kg po, for 6 days
- CaNa2-EDTA: 20-50 mg/kg iv
- CS: GI – salivation, vomiting, colic, diarrhea (greenish tinges); collapse, covulsions, paralysis, death (1-2 days)
Aspirin/Muscarine/Theobromine – 3 different sentences, had to give if urine was acidic/alkaline then what you give
- NSAIDs: Alkalyzing urine: NaHCO3
- Teobromine: Acidify urine: vitamin C
- Muscarine?
Underline 5 molecules with hyperthermia (negative marking)
Organochlorines
Nitrophenols/chlorophenols
Metaldehyde
Xanthine derivatives
Match the sentences: Hydrogen sulphide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, ammonia,
sulfur dioxide, chlorine gas
-Which are produced in silage making?
-Which causes acid prodution on mucosa?
-Which is heavier than air?
-Which has a characterisitic smell?
-Which is produced in fertilisation of plants?
- Which are produced in silage making? - Nitrogen dioxide
- Which causes acid prodution on mucosa? - Hydrogen sulphide
- Which is heavier than air?
- Hydrogen sulphide
- Sulphur dioxide
- Chlorine
- Which has a characterisitic smell?
- Hydrogen sulphide (rotten egg)
- Nitrogen dioxide (bleach-like)
- Ammonia (sharp)
- Sulphur dioxide (sharp)
- Chlorine (bleach like)
- Which is produced in fertilisation of plants?
- Hydrogen sulphide
- Sulfur dioxide
Underline 5 that are likely to cause convulsions
- OP, Carbamates
- Nitrophenols, Chlorophenols
- Metaldehyde
- NItrates, nitrites
- Ethylene glycol
- Zinc phosphide
- Hydrogen sulfide
- Crimidine
- Corrosives and irritants
?
What effect dose bee/wasp venom have on horse?
- Local: pain, swollen/edematous/erythematous plaques; orofacial area swelling, dyspnoe
- Systemic (multiple stings): numerous urticarial weals, excitement/frenzym tachycardia, diarrhea,
hemoglobinuria, icterus, prostration
What is stored in horn?
- Fluoride, copper, lead etc
When are emetics contraindicated? Acids and alkalis and in which animal (horse wasn’t an option)
- Rodents
What is glycoside?
- Digitalis
- Convalaria majalis
- Nerium oleander
Buckwheat poisoning effects
- Diarrhea, CNS stimulation (excitement, hypermotility), generalized convulsions, paralysis, increased body temperature
What can accumulate in bones?
- Lead, copper etc
If the LD50 of a rat is 20 mg/kg, is it toxic, highly toxic, mod toxic etc?
- Highly toxic 5 - 50, moderately toxic 50 - 300
Endosulphan accumulates in tissues?
- Accumulate in fat
The LD50 of a substance is 1.9 mg/kg and after 90 days it is 1.6 mg/kg, what can you say about it’s accumulation and excretion?
RELATIVELY NONCUMULATIVE
(> 2 - relative cumulative
< 2 - relative noncumulative)
What can be said about the accumulation properties of a substance if acute LD50 value is 1.6 MG/KG, and 90 day continuous LD50 value is 1.2 MG/KG?
RELATIVELY NONCUMULATIVE
(> 2 - relative cumulative
< 2 - relative noncumulative)
