Past qs 15 Jan 2019 Flashcards
Which clinical signs are caused by butterfly toxins?
D. Both
- Erythema and blister can be seen on the skin
- The hairs of butterflies induce irritation and pruritus of the skin
Which is NOT a clinical sign of diazinon toxicosis?
C. Paraparesis, paralysis
Which administration route has usually the lowest LD50 values among these?
A. Intavenous
Which mechanism of effect is characteristic to sulphur dioxide?
A. Neither
- Inhibits respiratory enzymes
- Stimulates the receptors of glomum caroticum
Which medicine is useful in the treatment of nitrate-nitrite poisoning?
C. Both
- Vasoconstrictor agents
- Methylene blue
Application of fenthion can produce the following clinical signs in cats?
B. Bradycardia, salivation, diarrhea, urinarion, tremors, convulsions
What is NOT a clinical feature of anticoagulant rodenticide poisoning?
A. Severe haemorrhagic gastroenteritis
Which alkaloid is found in Angel’s trumpet?
B. Tropane
Which mechanism of action is characteristic to thiram?
C. Has mutagenic and teratogenic effects
Which clinical sign is NOT characteristic to poisoning caused by acids?
A. Respiratory distress
Which clinical feature is characteristic to carbon dioxide toxicosis?
C. Hypoxaemia, concylsions, ataxia
Which antidote is useful in ethylene glycol poisoning?
C. Ethanol
Which statement is true for methylxanthines?
A. In higher doses mainly the central nervous system and the kidney are damaged
Which plant is known to cause damage primarily to the nervous system?
A. Hemlock
Which mechanism of action is characteristic to nitrophenols?
B. Inhibit oxydative phosphorilation
Which clinical signs are characteristic to urea poisoning?
D. Both
- Severe colic
- Incoordination, staggering
Which mechanism of effect is characteristic to metaldehyde?
D. Both
- Decreasing the concentration of neurotransmitters in the synapse
- Severe irritation of the gastrointestinal tract
Which is a clinical feature of NSAID toxicosis?
D. Both
- Gastric and duodenal ulcers
- Kidney necrosis, intestinal nephritis
Which animal species is the most sensitive to deoxynivalenol?
D. Swine
The patient is highly sensitive to the toxic effects of NSAIDs if…
A. it has renal failure
In which poisoning can the following signs be seen: liquefaction necrosis, edema at injured area, alkalosis?
B. Alkali poisoning
Which mechanism of action is characteristic to calcium disodium EDTA?
B. it makes a complex with the poison
Which of the following is an organochlorine substance?
A. Endosulphan
What is the clinical characteristic of zearalenone poisoning?
B. Disturbed estrous cycle
Which medicine is NOT useful in the treatment of acid poisoning?
C. Gastric lavage
After which time period are the clinical signs of Hemlock poisoning seen?
B. 0.5 - 2 hours
Which of the following is the most toxic substance of plant origin?
B. Glycosides
Which clinical signs are caused in the animals by the venom of Centruriodes spp?
C. Both
- Local pain, swelling
- Paralysis of respiratory muscles
Which factor can influence the absorption of the xenobiotics from the gastrointestinal tract?
C. Both
- The lipid content of the feed
- The pH value of the certain part of the gastrointestinal tract
Which is a clinical feature of NSAID toxicosis?
A. Acute renal failure
Which is NOT a clinical feature of inorganic mercury toxicosis?
A. Haemolysis
Which substance is found in Larksur spp?
A. Delfinine
Which substance is found in Daffodil spp?
B. Both
- Alkaloids
- Glycosides
Which antidote can be used in lead toxicosis?
C. Ca-Na-EDTA
How can the elimination of an acidic substance be facilitated via the kidney?
D. Alkalizing the urine with NaHCO3
MATCH THE PLANTS WITH THE TOXINS (6points) 1. Hemlock 2. Yew 3. Larkspur 4. Purple foxglove 5. Diffenbachia spp 6. Potato A. taxin B. coniine C. calcium-oxalate D. digoxin E. solanine F. delphinine
1 - B 2 - A 3 - F 4 - D 5 - C 6 - E
FOR WHICH SPECIES ARE THESE SUBSTANCES TOXIC / WHICH SPECIES ARE SENSITIVE TO THEM? (5points)
- Garlic
- Carbamide/NPN
- Salt
- Fluoride
- Ethyleneglycole
- Cadmium
- Garlic: Dog
- Carbamide/NPN: Cattle
- Salt: Swine, poultry, dog
- Fluoride: Bo, Ov, Su, Eq, Poultry
- Ethyleneglycole: Cat, Dog
- Cadmium: rat + rabbit
COMPLETE THE SENTENCES BELOW (6points)
- Diazinon is an organophosphate that contains - ? -
- This functional group is substituted with - ? - during metabolism in the liver, therefore turning into a more toxic - ? - substance, which lengthens toxicity.
- Organophosphates have - ? - absorption from the skin than carbamates, dermal LD50 is close to - ? LD50 in contrast with carbamates where - ? - is approximately 10 times higher.
- Diazinon is an organophosphate that contains S
- This functional group is substituted with O during metabolism in the liver, therefore turning into a more toxic Diazoxon substance, which lengthens toxicity.
- Organophosphates have higher/better absorption from the skin than carbamates, dermal LD50 is close to PO LD50 in contrast with carbamates where PO is approximately 10 times higher.
PAIR THE LETTER(S) OF THE MYCOTOXINS WITH THE ORGANS, WHERE THE PRIMER LESIONS OCCUR MOST TYPICALLY DURING POISONING! (Max 4 points, 0.5 points/correct answer, score deduction if more than 8 answers are written) A. Satratoxin B. Penitrem C. Phomopsin D. Zearalenon E. Ochratoxin F. Aflatoxin G. Fumonisin -Kidney: ? -Lung: ? -Genitals: ? -Liver: ? -Gastrointestinal tract: ? -Nervous system: ?
- Kidney: E
- Lung: G
- Genitals: D
- Liver: F, C
- Gastrointestinal tract: A, H
- Nervous system: B
PLACE THE FOLLOWING SUBSTANCES IN THE RIGHT COLUMN! INCORRECT PLACEMENT WILL RESULT IN NEGATIVE POINTS (0.5 point/right answer)
Muscarine, Amanitine, ricin, amygdalin, atropin, scopolamine, coniine, colchicine
-Alkaloid: ?
-Glycoside: ?
-Toxic peptide/protein: ?
- Alkaloid: Muscarine, Atropin, Scopolamine, Coiine, Colchicine
- Glycoside: Amygdalin, + solanine
- Toxic peptide/protein: Amanitine, ricin
WHICH CLINICAL SIGNS ARE CHARACTERISTIC IN BROMADIOLONE POISONING? (Negative points for wrong answers) (5points) -Renal failure -Anaemia -Convulsions -Prehepatic icterus -Hematomas -Paraparesis -Epistaxis -Hemoperitoneum -Mydriasis -Miosis -Tachycardia
- Anaemia
- Prehepatic icterus (sometimes)
- Hematomas
- Epistaxis
- Hemoperitoneum
