Past qs 03 Jan 2019 Flashcards
What is the most toxic part of Poinsettia?
B. Both
- Sap - Leaf
Which mechanism of action is characteristic to Conium maculatum?
D. Its toxin binds to synapses and causes nicotine-like effects
Which substance is found in Bleeding heart?
D. Protopine
Which statement is true to nitrate-nitrite?
D. It produces nitrosamines in the stomach
Which antidote is useful in copper poisoning?
D. D-Penicillamine
In ethylene glycol toxicosis which substance is not directly toxic for the kidney?
A. Ethylene glycol
Which mechanism of action is NOT characteristic to ethylene glycol?
B. Inhibits the function of alcohol dehydrogenase
Which infusion would you recommend in ethylene glycol toxicosis?
B. NaHCO3 and Ringer lactate
Which mechanism of action is characteristic to nitrate-nitrite?
D. Both
- Hydroxylamine produced from them interferes with transaminations
- It induces production of nitrosamines in the stomach
Which statement is true for anticoagulant rodenticides?
C. Both
- They cause poisonings most frequently as a toxic bait - The toxicity of drugs of the 2nd generation is much more pronounced
Which clinical signs are caused in animals by the venom of Centruriodes spp?
B. Both
- Local pain, swelling
- Paralysis of respiratory muscles
Which plants cause hepatogenous photosensitivity?
C. Lupine spp.
Which compound accumulates in the bones?
C. Lead
Which clinical feature is characteristic to hydrogen sulphide toxicosis?
C. Both
- Hard breathing
- Lacrimation, nasal discharge
Which mould fungi produce aflatoxins?
A. Aspergillus spp.
- What is characteristic to the kinetic profile of zearalenone?
C. Both
- Zeranol is the anabolic metabolite of zearalenone
- The ruminal microflora can metabolise zearalenone
Which medicine is useful in the treatment of poisoning caused by viperid snakes?
D. Antivenin
What is the most toxic part of Flamingo flower?
B. Leaf
Which antibiotic is PROHIBITED in hamsters?
D. Lincomycin
Which mechanism of action is characteristic to phenoxyacetic acid derivatives?
A. Because they inhibit the re-uptake of Ca2+ into the sarcoplasmic reticulum, the relaxation time
is delayed
Which of the following is an organochlorine substance?
B. Endosulphan
Which mechanism of effect is characteristic to hydrogen sulphide?
C. Causes local irritation and cytotoxic anoxia
To which binds carbon monoxide in the blood stream?
D. To hemoglobin
Which antibiotic is PROHIBITED in guinea pigs?
D. Clindamycin
What is characteristic to glycosides?
B. They consist of sugar-free part and a sugar-component
Characteristic of toxicokinetics of organophosphates?
B. Excellent absorption from the skin
Which substance or group of substances causes a yellow colour of hair, intestinal epithelium and stomach-gut content?
B. Nitrophenols
Which statement is true for non steroidal antiinflammatory drugs?
B. Both
- They are well absorbed from the stomach and the small intestine
- They inhibit the aggregation of thrombocytes
Which antidote is useful in organophosphate poisoning?
C. Atropine sulphate
What kind of treatment would you use in metaldehyde poisoning?
A. Barbiturates
Which statement is true (about the liver)?
C. The liver can store large amount of copper
Which of the following mechanism of effect is characteristic to copper?
D. Causes lipid peroxidation in the membrane of erythrocytes and lysosomes
Which type of accumulation is characteristic to organophosphates?
A. Biological accumulation
Which is considered a lethal synthesis in the liver?
A. Diazoxon is formed from diazinon
Which of the following is the most toxic substance of plant origin?
A. Alkaloids
PLEASE ANSWER TO THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN CONNECTION WITH IRON HOMEOSTASIS/IRON TOXICOSIS (6points)
- How can iron-dextran be administered and in which animal species is this iron supplementation frequently used?
- Which is the most severe side effect after administration?
- Which 3 drugs are life-saving when this severe condition occurs?
- In case of iron toxicosis which chelating agent can be used?
- How can iron-dextran be administered and in which animal species is this iron supplementation frequently used?
- IM for piglets - Which is the most severe side effect after administration?
- Anaphylactoid reaction - Which 3 drugs are life-saving when this severe condition occurs?
- Norepinephrine
- Antihistamine
- Glucose - In case of iron toxicosis which chelating agent can be used?
- Deferoxamine
20 mg/kg, IM
15 mg/kg/h IV
Categories of toxicity (fill out a table)
Toxic category - Toxicity (mg/kg LD50)
1 Extremely toxic < 5
- Highly toxic 5 -50
- Moderately toxic 50 - 300
- Slightly toxic 300 - 2000
- Practically non toxic 2000 - 5000
WHICH SUBSTANCES OR ENZYMES ARE THE FOLLOWING LETTERS? FILL THE INCOMPLETE SENTENCES! (12 points)
Ethylene glycol
(A)
Glycoaldehyde
(B)
Glycolic acid
(C) –> (E) –> Formic acid
Oxalic acid
(D)
-The antidote - ? - binds to Enzyme A with 100 times higher affinity than ethylene glycol, thereby inhibits the metabolism of ethylene glycol.
-The antidote is administered at a 20% concentration in IV infusion, at a dose of - ? - every 4-6 hours.
- The other antidote is the specific inhibitor of Enzyme A, called - ? - or as a symptom it is also called - ? -
-D substance damages mainly this target organ: ?
-Pathological changes in this target organ: ?
-Enzyme A = Alcohol-dehydrogenase
-Enzyme B = Aldehyde-dehydrogenase
-C = Glyoxylic acid
-D = Ca-oxalate
-E = B1, B6
The antidote ETHANOL (20%) binds to Enzyme A with 100 times higher affinity than ethylene glycol, thereby inhibits the metabolism of ethylene glycol. The antidote is administered at a 20% concentration in IV infusion, at a dose of 5ml/kg ethanol every 4-6 hours.
The other antidote is the specific inhibitor of Enzyme A, called FOMEPIZOLE or as a symptom it is also called 4 METHYL PIRAZOLE
-D substance damages mainly this target organ: KIDNEY
-Pathological changes in this target organ: Acute tubulonephrosis - multifocal degeneration,
necrosis, Ca oxalate crystals
PAIR THE LETTER(S) OF THE TOXIC SUBSTANCE(S) WITH THE STATEMENTS ABOUT THEM (6points; 0.5/correct answer; score deduction if more than 12 answers are
written)
A. Salt
B. Nitrate/nitrite
C. Ionophores
D. Carbamid
E. Onion/garlic
-During the early phase of poisoning, abnormal behaviour and excitement occurs: ?
-In lasting cases, poisoning causes eosinophil cell infiltration in the brain: ?
-Ruminants are most sensitive, monogastric species are less sensitive to the poisoning: ?
-It causes methaemoglobinaemia: ?
-Inhomogenous mixing to feed might be the reason behind poisoning: ?
-There is no specific antidote for this poisoning, quickly drinking high amount of cold water is beneficial: ?
- During the early phase of poisoning, abnormal behaviour and excitement occurs: A, D
- In lasting cases, poisoning causes eosinophil cell infiltration in the brain: A
- Ruminants are most sensitive, monogastric species are less sensitive to the poisoning: B, D,
- It causes methaemoglobinaemia: B
- Inhomogenous mixing to feed might be the reason behind poisoning: C, A ((A, D, E))
- There is no specific antidote for this poisoning, quickly drinking high amount of cold water is beneficial: D (A - has no specific antidote, but water given slowly)
WHICH IS THIS PLANT? (1point)
This plant also contains alkaloids and glycosides. The entire plant is poisonous except for its red seed coat
Yew (taxus baccata)
