Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Toxo > Past qs 03 Jan 2019 > Flashcards

Past qs 03 Jan 2019 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most toxic part of Poinsettia?

A

B. Both

- Sap - Leaf

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which mechanism of action is characteristic to Conium maculatum?

A

D. Its toxin binds to synapses and causes nicotine-like effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which substance is found in Bleeding heart?

A

D. Protopine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which statement is true to nitrate-nitrite?

A

D. It produces nitrosamines in the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which antidote is useful in copper poisoning?

A

D. D-Penicillamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

In ethylene glycol toxicosis which substance is not directly toxic for the kidney?

A

A. Ethylene glycol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which mechanism of action is NOT characteristic to ethylene glycol?

A

B. Inhibits the function of alcohol dehydrogenase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which infusion would you recommend in ethylene glycol toxicosis?

A

B. NaHCO3 and Ringer lactate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which mechanism of action is characteristic to nitrate-nitrite?

A

D. Both

  • Hydroxylamine produced from them interferes with transaminations
  • It induces production of nitrosamines in the stomach
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which statement is true for anticoagulant rodenticides?

A

C. Both
- They cause poisonings most frequently as a toxic bait - The toxicity of drugs of the 2nd generation is much more pronounced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which clinical signs are caused in animals by the venom of Centruriodes spp?

A

B. Both

  • Local pain, swelling
  • Paralysis of respiratory muscles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which plants cause hepatogenous photosensitivity?

A

C. Lupine spp.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which compound accumulates in the bones?

A

C. Lead

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which clinical feature is characteristic to hydrogen sulphide toxicosis?

A

C. Both

  • Hard breathing
  • Lacrimation, nasal discharge
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which mould fungi produce aflatoxins?

A

A. Aspergillus spp.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
  1. What is characteristic to the kinetic profile of zearalenone?
A

C. Both

  • Zeranol is the anabolic metabolite of zearalenone
  • The ruminal microflora can metabolise zearalenone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which medicine is useful in the treatment of poisoning caused by viperid snakes?

A

D. Antivenin

18
Q

What is the most toxic part of Flamingo flower?

A

B. Leaf

19
Q

Which antibiotic is PROHIBITED in hamsters?

A

D. Lincomycin

20
Q

Which mechanism of action is characteristic to phenoxyacetic acid derivatives?

A

A. Because they inhibit the re-uptake of Ca2+ into the sarcoplasmic reticulum, the relaxation time
is delayed

21
Q

Which of the following is an organochlorine substance?

A

B. Endosulphan

22
Q

Which mechanism of effect is characteristic to hydrogen sulphide?

A

C. Causes local irritation and cytotoxic anoxia

23
Q

To which binds carbon monoxide in the blood stream?

A

D. To hemoglobin

24
Q

Which antibiotic is PROHIBITED in guinea pigs?

A

D. Clindamycin

25
Q

What is characteristic to glycosides?

A

B. They consist of sugar-free part and a sugar-component

26
Q

Characteristic of toxicokinetics of organophosphates?

A

B. Excellent absorption from the skin

27
Q

Which substance or group of substances causes a yellow colour of hair, intestinal epithelium and stomach-gut content?

A

B. Nitrophenols

28
Q

Which statement is true for non steroidal antiinflammatory drugs?

A

B. Both

  • They are well absorbed from the stomach and the small intestine
  • They inhibit the aggregation of thrombocytes
29
Q

Which antidote is useful in organophosphate poisoning?

A

C. Atropine sulphate

30
Q

What kind of treatment would you use in metaldehyde poisoning?

A

A. Barbiturates

31
Q

Which statement is true (about the liver)?

A

C. The liver can store large amount of copper

32
Q

Which of the following mechanism of effect is characteristic to copper?

A

D. Causes lipid peroxidation in the membrane of erythrocytes and lysosomes

33
Q

Which type of accumulation is characteristic to organophosphates?

A

A. Biological accumulation

34
Q

Which is considered a lethal synthesis in the liver?

A

A. Diazoxon is formed from diazinon

35
Q

Which of the following is the most toxic substance of plant origin?

A

A. Alkaloids

36
Q

PLEASE ANSWER TO THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN CONNECTION WITH IRON HOMEOSTASIS/IRON TOXICOSIS (6points)

  1. How can iron-dextran be administered and in which animal species is this iron supplementation frequently used?
  2. Which is the most severe side effect after administration?
  3. Which 3 drugs are life-saving when this severe condition occurs?
  4. In case of iron toxicosis which chelating agent can be used?
A
  1. How can iron-dextran be administered and in which animal species is this iron supplementation frequently used?
    - IM for piglets
  2. Which is the most severe side effect after administration?
    - Anaphylactoid reaction
  3. Which 3 drugs are life-saving when this severe condition occurs?
    - Norepinephrine
    - Antihistamine
    - Glucose
  4. In case of iron toxicosis which chelating agent can be used?
    - Deferoxamine
    20 mg/kg, IM
    15 mg/kg/h IV
37
Q

Categories of toxicity (fill out a table)

Toxic category - Toxicity (mg/kg LD50)

A

1 Extremely toxic < 5

  1. Highly toxic 5 -50
  2. Moderately toxic 50 - 300
  3. Slightly toxic 300 - 2000
  4. Practically non toxic 2000 - 5000
38
Q

WHICH SUBSTANCES OR ENZYMES ARE THE FOLLOWING LETTERS? FILL THE INCOMPLETE SENTENCES! (12 points)
Ethylene glycol
(A)
Glycoaldehyde
(B)
Glycolic acid
(C) –> (E) –> Formic acid
Oxalic acid
(D)
-The antidote - ? - binds to Enzyme A with 100 times higher affinity than ethylene glycol, thereby inhibits the metabolism of ethylene glycol.
-The antidote is administered at a 20% concentration in IV infusion, at a dose of - ? - every 4-6 hours.
- The other antidote is the specific inhibitor of Enzyme A, called - ? - or as a symptom it is also called - ? -
-D substance damages mainly this target organ: ?
-Pathological changes in this target organ: ?

A

-Enzyme A = Alcohol-dehydrogenase
-Enzyme B = Aldehyde-dehydrogenase
-C = Glyoxylic acid
-D = Ca-oxalate
-E = B1, B6
The antidote ETHANOL (20%) binds to Enzyme A with 100 times higher affinity than ethylene glycol, thereby inhibits the metabolism of ethylene glycol. The antidote is administered at a 20% concentration in IV infusion, at a dose of 5ml/kg ethanol every 4-6 hours.
The other antidote is the specific inhibitor of Enzyme A, called FOMEPIZOLE or as a symptom it is also called 4 METHYL PIRAZOLE
-D substance damages mainly this target organ: KIDNEY
-Pathological changes in this target organ: Acute tubulonephrosis - multifocal degeneration,
necrosis, Ca oxalate crystals

39
Q

PAIR THE LETTER(S) OF THE TOXIC SUBSTANCE(S) WITH THE STATEMENTS ABOUT THEM (6points; 0.5/correct answer; score deduction if more than 12 answers are
written)
A. Salt
B. Nitrate/nitrite
C. Ionophores
D. Carbamid
E. Onion/garlic
-During the early phase of poisoning, abnormal behaviour and excitement occurs: ?
-In lasting cases, poisoning causes eosinophil cell infiltration in the brain: ?
-Ruminants are most sensitive, monogastric species are less sensitive to the poisoning: ?
-It causes methaemoglobinaemia: ?
-Inhomogenous mixing to feed might be the reason behind poisoning: ?
-There is no specific antidote for this poisoning, quickly drinking high amount of cold water is beneficial: ?

A
  • During the early phase of poisoning, abnormal behaviour and excitement occurs: A, D
  • In lasting cases, poisoning causes eosinophil cell infiltration in the brain: A
  • Ruminants are most sensitive, monogastric species are less sensitive to the poisoning: B, D,
  • It causes methaemoglobinaemia: B
  • Inhomogenous mixing to feed might be the reason behind poisoning: C, A ((A, D, E))
  • There is no specific antidote for this poisoning, quickly drinking high amount of cold water is beneficial: D (A - has no specific antidote, but water given slowly)
40
Q

WHICH IS THIS PLANT? (1point)

This plant also contains alkaloids and glycosides. The entire plant is poisonous except for its red seed coat

A

Yew (taxus baccata)

Toxo (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions