Past Paper Questions

Question 1

3 functions of cartilage in the gas exchange system

Answer 1

1. keeps trachea open
2. allows free flow of air into lungs
3. allows flexibility / can breathe even when bent/swallowing

Question 2

Explain 4 adaptations of capillaries for their functions

Answer 2

1. thin wall/epithelium
   - for efficient diffusion/gas exchange
2. small diameter/lumen
   - many capillaries can fit into tissues / capillaries reach every cell throughout the body
3. extensive network
   - large surface for diffusion
4. capillary cells have pores
   - to allow substances to pass in and out of the blood easily

Question 3

3 reasons why stem cells are found in the skin

Answer 3

1. replacement / repair / wound healing
2. cells die / are rubbed off/exfoliated
3. growth

Question 4

Nerve impulse

Answer 4

An ELECTRICAL signal that passes along a nerve cell in one direction

Question 5

Explain why passive immunity does not give long-term protection against diseases, such as meningitis.

Answer 5

1. no (active) immune response
2. no memory cells
3. antibodies are broken down in the body
4. antibodies are not made by body’s own lymphocytes