B10-15 Definitions

Question 1

Pathogen

Answer 1

A disease-causing organism

Question 2

Transmissible disease

Answer 2

A disease in which the pathogen can be passed from one host to another

Question 3

Active immunity

Answer 3

Defence against a pathogen by antibody production in the body

Question 4

Passive immunity

Answer 4

Short-term defence against a pathogen by antibodies acquired from another individual, eg. from mother to infant

Question 5

Aerobic respiration

Answer 5

The chemical reactions in cells that use oxygen to break down nutrient molecules to release energy

Question 6

Anaerobic respiration

Answer 6

The chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrient molecules to release energy without using oxygen

Question 7

Deamination

Answer 7

The removal of the nitrogen-containing part of amino acids to form urea

Question 8

Synapse

Answer 8

A junction between two neurones

Question 9

Sense organs

Answer 9

Groups of receptor cells responding to specific stimuli: light, sound, touch, temperature and chemicals

Question 10

Hormone

Answer 10

A chemical substance, produced by a gland and carried by the blood, which alters the activity of one or more specific target organs

Question 11

Homeostasis

Answer 11

The maintenance of a constant internal environment

Question 12

Gravitropism

Answer 12

A response in which parts of a plant grow towards or away from gravity

Question 13

Phototropism

Answer 13

A response in which parts of a plant grow towards or away from the direction from which light is coming

Question 14

Drug

Answer 14

Any substance taken into the body that modifies or affects chemical reactions in the body