Past paper October 2021 Flashcards
State 2 benefits of living windbreaks for fruit and vegetable crops
naturally filter wind resulting in reduced crop damage on the leeward side
beneficial to wildlife as they create a habitat
Aesthetically pleasing
long lived compared to a fence
does not require a lot of maintenance
State 2 limitations of living windbreaks for fruit and vegetable crops
takes time for it to establish and become effective
root competition with adjacent crops for nutrients and water
takes up more space than a fence
may harbour pests and diseases
requires annual maintenance
name two plant species suitable for a living windbreak
Fagus sylvatica
Taxus baccata
Thuja plicata
describe two named methods used to extend the productive season of outdoor crops; CLOCHE
cloche ; a solid frame with glass/plastic/perspex/twin-walled polycarbonate cladding.
Glass cloches are usually heavy enough to withstand wind, but plastic ones need to be anchored to the ground.
Cloches protect late crops from early frosts and winds, they also can be used to over winter crops.
describe two named methods used to extend the productive season of outdoor crops; COLD FRAME
A solid framed structure made from brick or wood.
Will have glass/plastic/perspex/twin-walled polycarbonate lights.
Crops are protected from early frosts and enable crops to be overwintered.
describe two named methods used to extend the productive season of outdoor crops; other methods other than a cold frame or cloche
horticultural fleece
enviromesh netting
polythene film
low tunnel
name some vegetables which would benefit from a cloche, cold frame, horticultural fleece, polythene film and other methods that extend the productive season of outdoor growing.
lettuce - Lactuca sativa
Carrot - Daucus carota
Salad leaves
Beetroot
name some fruit which would benefit from a cloche, cold frame, horticultural fleece, polythene film and other methods that extend the productive season of outdoor growing
Strawberry
Describe how the quality and yield of vegetable crops are affected by each of the following factors; WEED CONTROL
weeds compete for water, light and nutrients which will reduce the quality and yield of vegetable crops
Weeds act as host plants for diseases eg: Capsella bursa-pastoris, which is a host for clubroot in brassicas.
Describe how the quality and yield of vegetable crops are affected by each of the following factors; IRRIGATION
veg crops need regular, even watering to swell the crop, produce high quality vegetables and to maximise yield
irregular or overwatering may cause roots to split eg; carrots/parsnips/tomato fruits.
This reduces the quality and yield of the veg.
Describe how the quality and yield of vegetable crops are affected by each of the following factors; THINNING
thinning prevents overcrowding and allows good aeration- this reduces the risk of the fungal disease Botrytis and ensures the quality and yield of the crop is not affected.
Describe the production of winter cabbage under each of the following headings: Soil pH
Soil pH needs to be 6.5 and above - alkaline.
On an acidic soil it is more likely to get clubroot.
Raise the soil pH by adding lime or calcified seaweed
Describe the production of winter cabbage under each of the following headings:; SOWING
sow seed mid-April to mid-May in a prepared seedbed.
sow thinly in drills 15cm apart at a depth of 1-2cm.
Cover, label and water.
You can sow singly in modules that are left outside (think of Tony’s lettuce!)
Describe the production of winter cabbage under each of the following headings: TRANSPLANTING
Transplant into their final positions in June/July when there are approx 5-6 true leaves - think of the kale etc I put in with Chris)
Water well the day before planting
Use a trowel/dibber to make a hole 30-60 cm (depending on cultivar)
Puddle in with lowest leaves at ground level and firm in well
Name one host fruit and one control method for each pest; CODLING MOTH
Apple;
Use pheromone traps or Deltamethrin
