Past paper June 2021 Flashcards
state 2 distinct benefits of each of the following factors for vegetable and fruit production; Deep Topsoil
beneficial for unimpeded root growth for vegetables and fruit trees
Provides good anchorage for fruit trees
Provides more space for the roots of plants to spread and access nutrients
state 2 distinct benefits of each of the following factors for vegetable and fruit production; Sandy Soil
Free draining
Warms up early in the spring
Very suitable for root vegetable crops
state 2 distinct benefits of each of the following factors for vegetable and fruit production; South facing slope
Higher light levels
Warmest aspect - warms up quickly
Provides opportunity to extend the growing season
state 2 distinct benefits of each of the following factors for vegetable and fruit production; Neutral pH
Greatest range of vegetable crops can be grown
widest range of nutrients are available for plant uptake
Less likely to have problems with diseases eg; Clubroot
state 2 distinct benefits of each of the following factors for vegetable and fruit production ; sheltered site
Better conditions for pollinators to fly
reduces wind speed and wind rock to plants
Less physical damage to fruit trees eg; broken branches
Describe sowing courgette seeds into modules under each of the following headings; CHOICE OF GROWING MEDIUM
A seed compost
John innes No.1
or a multi-purpose compost is suitable
Describe sowing courgette seeds into modules under each of the following headings; FILLING THE MODULES
Over fill the modules with growing media
Make sure the corner modules are adequately filled
Tap or bang the modules on the bench to eliminate air pockets
Strike off excess growing media so level.
Firm slightly so the media is just below the top of the modules to allow for watering
Describe sowing courgette seeds into modules under each of the following headings; SOWING THE SEEDS
Place 1-2 seeds per module on their sides to avoid rotting
Sow to depth of 2-3cm
Push seed into gm, or place into a hole made with a dibber.
Label and water modules once seeds are sown
Describe sowing courgette seeds into modules under each of the following headings; AFTERCARE
Keep in a frost free, light position eg; heated propagator (18-21’c)
Keep moist but not waterlogged
Need high humidity
Monitor for pests and slugs
If two seeds were sown per module, remove the weaker and discard.
List four plant groups appropriate for a four-bed crop rotation system.
Legumes Brassicas Potatoes Onions and roots or, just Roots
state three benefits of crop rotation
reduces soil borne pests and diseases
Enables nitrogen fixed by legumes to be available for the next crop eg; Brassicas
Allows specific soil prep. for specific crops
Allows liming for brassicas to reduce the risk of clubroot/avoids liming potatoes which may cause scab.
State three limitations of crop rotation
Difficult to implement crop rotation successfully in a small garden
Not effective for long term pests and diseases eg; nematodes
Difficult to include permanent crops eg; asparagus
Does not allow for personal preference of crops
Describe the production on a crop of runner beans under each of the following headings; ONE NAMED RUNNER BEAN CULTIVAR
Firestorm
Red Rum
Describe the production on a crop of runner beans under each of the following headings; ONE APPROPRIATE SUPPORT SYSTEM
An ‘A’ frame. (think of the sweet peas at Sizergh)
Can support a double row of runner beans.
Canes are 2-2.4m long, with 1-2 plants planted per cane.
Horizontal canes run along the top and are tied tightly to keep the frame rigid.
Canes should be 60cm apart between the rows
Canes should be 30-60cm apart in the row
can use a wigwam - use four 2-2.4m long canes tied tightly together at the top, spacing 30-60cm apart, one plant per cane*
Describe the production on a crop of runner beans under each of the following headings; DIRECT SOWING OF THE CROP
Sow direct May-June with a dibber.
Sow at base of each cane 30-60cm apart and 5 cm deep.
Cover seeds with soil, label and water
Describe the production on a crop of runner beans under each of the following headings; AFTERCARE
Keep watered, weed and pest free.
Slugs and Black Bean Aphids will be a nuisance.
Encourage young plants to climb support structure - which should be checked for stability
Pinch out the top of plants when the reach the top of the canes
(look at a diagram of a stepover/single espalier training system) for top fruit - name an appropriate fruit for the system
Apple or Pear
Name a suitable rootstock for a stepover/single espalier top fruit training system
Apple - M9
Pear - Quince C or Pyrodwarf
Describe the timing and method of pruning for a stepover or single espalier for top fruit
Main pruning period is late summer - side shoots ore than 22cm long are cut back to 3 leaves above the basal cluster.
Any regrowth is pruned in September to one leaf above the previous cut.
The leaders are only cut when the reach full length.
Spur thinning takes place in winter then the 3D’s can also be pruned.
Name one cultivar of blackcurrant
Ben Nevis
Blackdown
Describe how to plant blackcurrants under each of the following headings; site and soil
A sunny sheltered site with moisture retentive, free draining soil rich in OM and a pH of 6.5 - 7.0.
Describe the production on a crop of runner beans under each of the following headings; SPACING
1 - 1.5m in all directions.
Describe the production on a crop of runner beans under each of the following headings: METHOD OF PLANTING
Dig hole double the size of container
Dig hole so plant will be 5cm deeper than it was in container
Incorporate OM into planting hole
Soak roots prior to planting if bare rooted.
Backfill soil and firm.
Water
Apply 10cm layer of mulch eg FYM around base of plant
Name two distinct pests of blackcurrants and one distinct control measure for each; BIG BUD MITE
No chemical control.
Remove infested buds in late winter and plant resistant cultivars in autumn.
Name two distinct pests of blackcurrants and one distinct control measure for each; CURRANT BLISTER APHID
Encourage natural predators eg, ladybirds or spray with Deltamethrin
Name two distinct pests of blackcurrants and one distinct control measure for each; BLACKBIRDS OR PIGEONS
cover the bushes with netting, grow them in fruit cages or use a bird scarer
