Past paper June 2021 Flashcards

1
Q

state 2 distinct benefits of each of the following factors for vegetable and fruit production; Deep Topsoil

A

beneficial for unimpeded root growth for vegetables and fruit trees

Provides good anchorage for fruit trees

Provides more space for the roots of plants to spread and access nutrients

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2
Q

state 2 distinct benefits of each of the following factors for vegetable and fruit production; Sandy Soil

A

Free draining
Warms up early in the spring
Very suitable for root vegetable crops

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3
Q

state 2 distinct benefits of each of the following factors for vegetable and fruit production; South facing slope

A

Higher light levels
Warmest aspect - warms up quickly
Provides opportunity to extend the growing season

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4
Q

state 2 distinct benefits of each of the following factors for vegetable and fruit production; Neutral pH

A

Greatest range of vegetable crops can be grown
widest range of nutrients are available for plant uptake
Less likely to have problems with diseases eg; Clubroot

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5
Q

state 2 distinct benefits of each of the following factors for vegetable and fruit production ; sheltered site

A

Better conditions for pollinators to fly
reduces wind speed and wind rock to plants
Less physical damage to fruit trees eg; broken branches

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6
Q

Describe sowing courgette seeds into modules under each of the following headings; CHOICE OF GROWING MEDIUM

A

A seed compost
John innes No.1
or a multi-purpose compost is suitable

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7
Q

Describe sowing courgette seeds into modules under each of the following headings; FILLING THE MODULES

A

Over fill the modules with growing media
Make sure the corner modules are adequately filled
Tap or bang the modules on the bench to eliminate air pockets
Strike off excess growing media so level.
Firm slightly so the media is just below the top of the modules to allow for watering

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8
Q

Describe sowing courgette seeds into modules under each of the following headings; SOWING THE SEEDS

A

Place 1-2 seeds per module on their sides to avoid rotting
Sow to depth of 2-3cm
Push seed into gm, or place into a hole made with a dibber.
Label and water modules once seeds are sown

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9
Q

Describe sowing courgette seeds into modules under each of the following headings; AFTERCARE

A

Keep in a frost free, light position eg; heated propagator (18-21’c)
Keep moist but not waterlogged
Need high humidity
Monitor for pests and slugs
If two seeds were sown per module, remove the weaker and discard.

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10
Q

List four plant groups appropriate for a four-bed crop rotation system.

A
Legumes
Brassicas
Potatoes
Onions and roots
or, just Roots
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11
Q

state three benefits of crop rotation

A

reduces soil borne pests and diseases

Enables nitrogen fixed by legumes to be available for the next crop eg; Brassicas

Allows specific soil prep. for specific crops

Allows liming for brassicas to reduce the risk of clubroot/avoids liming potatoes which may cause scab.

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12
Q

State three limitations of crop rotation

A

Difficult to implement crop rotation successfully in a small garden
Not effective for long term pests and diseases eg; nematodes
Difficult to include permanent crops eg; asparagus
Does not allow for personal preference of crops

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13
Q

Describe the production on a crop of runner beans under each of the following headings; ONE NAMED RUNNER BEAN CULTIVAR

A

Firestorm

Red Rum

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14
Q

Describe the production on a crop of runner beans under each of the following headings; ONE APPROPRIATE SUPPORT SYSTEM

A

An ‘A’ frame. (think of the sweet peas at Sizergh)

Can support a double row of runner beans.

Canes are 2-2.4m long, with 1-2 plants planted per cane.

Horizontal canes run along the top and are tied tightly to keep the frame rigid.

Canes should be 60cm apart between the rows
Canes should be 30-60cm apart in the row

can use a wigwam - use four 2-2.4m long canes tied tightly together at the top, spacing 30-60cm apart, one plant per cane*

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15
Q

Describe the production on a crop of runner beans under each of the following headings; DIRECT SOWING OF THE CROP

A

Sow direct May-June with a dibber.
Sow at base of each cane 30-60cm apart and 5 cm deep.
Cover seeds with soil, label and water

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16
Q

Describe the production on a crop of runner beans under each of the following headings; AFTERCARE

A

Keep watered, weed and pest free.
Slugs and Black Bean Aphids will be a nuisance.

Encourage young plants to climb support structure - which should be checked for stability

Pinch out the top of plants when the reach the top of the canes

17
Q

(look at a diagram of a stepover/single espalier training system) for top fruit - name an appropriate fruit for the system

A

Apple or Pear

18
Q

Name a suitable rootstock for a stepover/single espalier top fruit training system

A

Apple - M9

Pear - Quince C or Pyrodwarf

19
Q

Describe the timing and method of pruning for a stepover or single espalier for top fruit

A

Main pruning period is late summer - side shoots ore than 22cm long are cut back to 3 leaves above the basal cluster.

Any regrowth is pruned in September to one leaf above the previous cut.

The leaders are only cut when the reach full length.

Spur thinning takes place in winter then the 3D’s can also be pruned.

20
Q

Name one cultivar of blackcurrant

A

Ben Nevis

Blackdown

21
Q

Describe how to plant blackcurrants under each of the following headings; site and soil

A

A sunny sheltered site with moisture retentive, free draining soil rich in OM and a pH of 6.5 - 7.0.

22
Q

Describe the production on a crop of runner beans under each of the following headings; SPACING

A

1 - 1.5m in all directions.

23
Q

Describe the production on a crop of runner beans under each of the following headings: METHOD OF PLANTING

A

Dig hole double the size of container
Dig hole so plant will be 5cm deeper than it was in container
Incorporate OM into planting hole
Soak roots prior to planting if bare rooted.
Backfill soil and firm.
Water
Apply 10cm layer of mulch eg FYM around base of plant

24
Q

Name two distinct pests of blackcurrants and one distinct control measure for each; BIG BUD MITE

A

No chemical control.

Remove infested buds in late winter and plant resistant cultivars in autumn.

25
Q

Name two distinct pests of blackcurrants and one distinct control measure for each; CURRANT BLISTER APHID

A

Encourage natural predators eg, ladybirds or spray with Deltamethrin

26
Q

Name two distinct pests of blackcurrants and one distinct control measure for each; BLACKBIRDS OR PIGEONS

A

cover the bushes with netting, grow them in fruit cages or use a bird scarer