passmed questions

Question 1

18 year old sprinter, loss of sensation below knee. doesn’t fit a dermatome?

Answer 1

conversion disorder. not feigning, but functional. physical symptoms which keep changing. don’t accept test results

Question 2

19 year old with panic attacks. first line tx?

Answer 2

paroxetine

Question 3

schiz patient on clozapine. comes in with weight gain and feeling unwell. what investigation is important to do?

Answer 3

FBC for agranulocytosis. could be unwell due to infection. weight gain is normal in atypical antipsychotics

Question 4

what is neuroleptic malignant syndrome?

Answer 4

pyrexia and muscle stiffness

Question 5

what are first rank symptoms in schizophrenia? (4)

Answer 5

Schneider’s first rank symptoms may be divided into auditory hallucinations, thought disorders, passivity phenomena and delusional perceptions (bonny ton)

Question 6

which drugs are used to treat mild to moderate symptoms in alzheimers?

Answer 6

donepezil, rivastigmine and galantamine (acetylcholine esterase inhibitors)

Question 7

where does the hypothalamus receive inputs from?

Answer 7

septal area (boots september ends), somatosensory afferents (wall), visceral afferents, hippocampus

Question 8

what is the septal area responsible for?

Answer 8

basic emotional drive

Question 9

which circuit must be intact in at least 1 hemisphere in order for new memories to be acquired?

Answer 9

circuit of papez

Question 10

what part of the memory is involved in facts?

Answer 10

semantic memory

Question 11

is this declarative memory or non declarative?

Answer 11

declarative

Question 12

what is the other part of the declarative/explicit memory?

Answer 12

episodic (events)

Question 13

what part of the memory is involved in non declarative/implicit?

Answer 13

emotional memory, conditioned reflexes, skills and habits

Question 14

learning an association between face and a name requires an intact ?

Answer 14

hippocampus

Question 15

which type of amnesia can you get in benzo use? retrograde or anterograde

Answer 15

anterograde

Question 16

what is required for recalling a memory for a time after its required?

Answer 16

hippocampus

Question 17

role in evaluating significance of environmental events and association of environmental events and reinforcement

Answer 17

amygdala

Question 18

5 neurotransmitters involved in memory?

Answer 18

5HT, catecholamines, glutamate, acetyl choline

Question 19

which part of the brain is involved in remembering emotional responses? (think PTSD and unable to remember)

Answer 19

amygdala

Question 20

skeletal musculature memory (motor habits)? boxing and bike

Answer 20

cereBellum

Question 21

which glutamate receptor is key in long term potentiation?

Answer 21

NMDA (slower to work but lasts for longer) rel

Question 22

phosphorylation of tau, is this a good thing or a bad thing?

Answer 22

bad

Question 23

why?

Answer 23

phosphorylated tau cannot bind to tubulin, micro tubular integrity suffers

Question 24

why is e4 bad?

Answer 24

cannot inhibit the phosphorylation of tau, and you need to do this

Question 25

why do NMDA antagonists impair learning and memory?

Answer 25

glutamate is a neurotransmitter involved in memory

Question 26

AMPA kines, what do these do to memory?

Answer 26

improve

Question 27

which functional disorder is related to somatic and sensory loss that doesn’t fit a dermatome? not feigning?

Answer 27

conversion disoder. big H with m and s (motor and sensory)

Question 28

someone who keeps returning with changing physical symtoms (changing mural/wall), refusing to accept negative test results has what?

Answer 28

somatisation disorder

Question 29

which 3 areas are critical in acquisition, consolidation and expression of drug stimulus learning?

Answer 29

hippocampus, striatum and amygdala

Question 30

if you have low DRD2, you are at higher risk of what?

Answer 30

addiction

Question 31

acute stress and dopamine release…what can this motivate in susceptible individuals?

Answer 31

drug taking

Question 32

if CIWA ar score is more than 8 in alcohol withdrawal, what should chlordizepoxide be switched to?

Answer 32

diazepam

Question 33

what kind of drug is buprenorphine?

Answer 33

partial opiate antagonist

Question 34

when do you give lorazepam in delirium?

Answer 34

parkinsons, lewy body dementia and neuroleptic sensitivity

Question 35

mean duration of delirium?

Answer 35

1-4 weeks

Question 36

buzzwords for delirium?

Answer 36

rapid, transient, lucid intervals, sundowning, persecutory delusions, visual hallucinations, disorientated, fear. post surgery

Question 37

side effects of first line treatments in ADHD

Answer 37

sleep and appetite changes, DAT - dysphoria, anxiety, tics

Question 38

2nd line treatment ADHD?

Answer 38

atomoxetine