Anxiolytics Flashcards
name 5 anxiolytic drug classses?
benzodiazapines, antidepressants, buspirone, pregablin, beta blockers
what do bentos end in?
zolam, zepam
whats the main inhibitory neurone in the brain?
GABA
where is glycine neurotransmitter restricted to?
spinal cord and brainstem
what can benzodiazepines do in terms of creating new memories?
can give you retrograde amnesia
which GABA (A or B) is g protein linked?
B (Gee protein)
what do bentos reduce?
aggression and anxiety
what do they do to the muscles?
muscle relaxation (brian belly)
acute treatment of extreme anxiety?
benzos
why would bentos be used to treat extreme anxiety, mania, delirium?
benzos reduce aggression/anxiety, have hypnosis/sedation effect, cause muscle relaxation and have anti convulsant effect
why would they be good in alcohol withdrawal?
anti convulsant effect
The GABA a receptor has receptors for alcohol, steroids and benzos
y
where do ethanol and steroids bind to?
general anaesthetics receptor
ethanol, neurosteroids and barbiturates all exhibit what property in humans?
anxiolytic
why do bentos have a sedative effect?
they increase activity of GABA A receptors, causing increased chlorine to enter cell. causes hyper polarisation. GABA is main inhibitory neurotransmitter in brain
benzos lock GABAa receptor into a conformtion that ….??
increases binding of GABA, increasing Cl and increasing inhibitory effect
what is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain?
glutamate (glutamine is a protein, in huntingtons)
what can benzodiazepines cause paradoxically?
anger
rapid withdrawal from bentos can cause?
think loss of inhibition, increased excitation - sweating, palpitations, anxiety, insomnia, petite loss, perceptual disturbances
what class of drug is meclobomide?
RIMA
what can venlafaxine be used in? (c4) when wifian
generalised anxiety disorder
how do you withdraw bentos? (brian running perth rd)
transfer to equivalent dose of diazepam or chlordiazepoxide. ideally taken at night. reduce every 2-3 weeks. if withdrawals occur, maintain this dose until they subside.
how long can withdrawal from bentos take?
4 weeks - 1 year
rapid withdrawal - 3 main syptoms ?
toxic psychosis, confusion and even convulsions
what can meclobomide be used in?
social phobia
side effects of SSRIs?
nausea, dyspepsia, diarrhoea, constipation. sexual dysfunction, anxiety
what is the mechanism of sexual dysfunction in SSRIs?
blockade of dopamine and/or 5HT2 activation. Reversed by 5HT2 antagonist or 5HT1a partial agonist
what are beta blockers (e.g. propranolol) helpful for?
somatic symtoms ie palpitations and tremor
when is prcegablin used?
only if patient not responsive to other treatments
what receptors do prcegablin and gabapentin work on?
calcium channels
