Passage Planning Flashcards
What must the master ensure regarding the voyage?
The voyage is ok
This refers to the overall safety and viability of the planned voyage.
What types of materials must be used for navigation according to Regulation 34?
Appropriate charts and publications, IMO Guidelines
These materials help ensure safe navigation and compliance with international standards.
What are the key considerations for the route according to Regulation 34? List them.
[Think Solas]
(4)
- Relevant ships routing systems
- Sufficient sea room
- Anticipates navigation hazards and weather
- Takes marine environmental protection measures
These considerations help in planning a safe and environmentally responsible voyage.
In which publication will passage planning guidelines be found?
Solas Chapter 5
What is the purpose of passage planning?
To develop a comprehensive navigation plan for the safe conduct of the ship from berth to berth.
What should the plan for the intended passage identify?
(6)
• Hazards and assesses associated risks
• Sufficient sea room and depth of water is available
• Considers anticipated traffic and weather conditions
• Position fixing opportunities and intervals
• Complies with relevant reporting requirements and routeing measures for ships
• Complies with all applicable environmental protection measures.
Fill in the blank: The plan for the intended passage should ensure sufficient _______ and depth of water is available.
sea room
True or False: Passage planning should ignore anticipated traffic and weather conditions.
False
What does passage planning include regarding position fixing?
It includes appropriate position fixing opportunities and intervals.
What is a key consideration in passage planning related to environmental measures?
Complies with all applicable environmental protection measures.
What is an appraisal?
Gathering all information relevant to the proposed passage and reviewing it.
The appraisal process allows risks to be identified and assessed to ensure safety.
What are the main sections of the appraisal process?
[Think “backbone” of the plan]
(4)
- Navigation
- General / Operational
- Environmental
- Contingency
These sections help organize the information and risks associated with the proposed passage.
What do sailing directions provide information on?
Hazards, buoyage, weather patterns, pilotage details, regulations, port facilities, guides on port entry
Sailing directions are crucial for safe navigation and understanding local maritime conditions.
What information do ocean passage/routeing charts and guides offer?
Established ocean routes, general prevailing wind conditions, ocean currents
These charts are essential for planning long-distance voyages.
What is the purpose of Notices to Mariners?
Provide essential corrections and amendments to official nautical charts and publications
They ensure that navigational information is up to date and accurate.
Who may use Notices to Mariners besides mariners?
Port authorities and harbour Masters
They utilize this information to provide specific local safety information to ships.
What do port guides include?
Port approach details, berth information based on the experience of seafarers
Port guides are invaluable for safe and efficient docking.
What information is provided by lists of lights?
All lights of navigational significance
These lists are essential for safe navigation at night or in poor visibility.
Where can Additional information during the APPRAISAL phase be found?
(9)
- ADM. Sailing directions
- ADM. Notice to Mariners
- Port guides
- ADM. List of lights
- ADM. List of radio signals
- Ocean passages / routeing charts and guides
- Tide tables & Tidal stream atlasses
- Maritime security charts
- Load line charts
What 4 segments can the APPRAISAL phase be categorised into?
Navigational
General / Operational
Environmental
Contingency
What should be considered for the Navigation phase of the APPRAISAL?
(11)
• Availability and adequacy of charts and reliability of hydrographic data
• Availability and reliability of navigation aids
• Weather routing
• Routeing and reporting measures
• Pilotage requirements
• Draught restrictions including air
draught, under keel clearance (UKC)
requirements and squat advice in the sailing directions
• Available sea room and traffic
density
• Reliability of propulsion and
steering systems and defects affecting the ship control or navigation
• Anchoring and contingency
options
• Position fixing requirements
What should be considered for the General / Operational section of the APPRAISAL?
(6)
• Bridge manning
• Security and anti-piracy measures
• Helicopter operations
• Berth requiremerts
• Mooring and tug operations
• Port entry requirements
What should be considered for the Environmental section of the APPRAISAL phase?
(4)
• Emission Control Areas (ECA)
• MARPOL Special Areas
• Garbage Disposal
• Port reception facilities
What should be considered for the Contingency section of the APPRAISAL phase?
(3)
• Emergency response plan
• Notifications and reporting
• Passage plan amendments
Planning phase:
What should be considered before planing an OCEAN PASSAGE?
(3)
- Ocean routing charts (currents, wind, ice etc)
- Weather routing services
- Use of Gnomonic charts (great circle routes) as appropriate
Planning phase:
What should be considered when choosing an OCEAN PASSAGE?
(4)
- Currents
- Weather conditions
- Environmental protection
- Fixing position
What should be cosidered when plannig a passage through coastal waters?
(7)
• Safe distances from Chartered Depth
• Squat
• Depth + Tides
• Visual + Radar fixig opportunities
• Reliability of Steering and Propulsion
• VTS + Ships routeing
• Advice in ADM Sailing Dorections
What should be considered when planning a passage into Pilotage Waters?
(6)
- Is a pilot mandatory?
- Local conditions
- Pilotage procedures (embarking/disembarking)
- Channel information
- Berth information
- Contingency
What should be considered when determining appropriate UKC?
(5)
- Reliablility of depths (CATZOC)
- Water density
- Tidal heights
- Squat
- Use of PI lines
During the execution phase careful consideration should be given to the arrival at certain “crucial” parts.
Elaborate on this.
When going past hazardous areas (TSS, meteorological hazards, traffic dense areas, narrow channels at night) the master might want to be present.
Therefore routes should be planned & bridge manning organised in such a way to try and accommodate that these areas fall on his watch.
Why is weather routing and taking weather into consideration important?
- Comfort
- Safety
- Time and cost efficiency
Define Monitoring and list 5 aspects that make up this phase.
• Monitring UKC
• XTE
• Reporting + VTS
• Position fixing + log keeping
• Radar operations
What is the calculation for safety depth?
Draught + UKC + safety margin
Safety contour
Contour shown by extra wide isoline showing a barrier between safe water and shallow water (set by the mariner).
This will alarm at a time (set by the mariner) ahead of encountering the contour.
(ECDIS)
Safety depth
A safety depth set by the mariner.
All depths shallower will become dark and all depths which are deeper will become grey.
This makes the dangerous waters more visible.
(ECDIS)
How should a route be checked ahead of commencing with the passage?
Visual inspection + ECDIS route scanning function
(ECDIS)
Factors to be considered when planning a passage on ECDIS:
(10)
- Areas where RCDS are recommended (MGN 285)
- Up to date RNC & ENC
- Previous routes removed
- Check route if reusing a route
- Appropriate large scale for planning
- Symbols (interrogation for information)
- Calculating safety depths
- Applying current & tidal data
- Setting ETA manually or route planning tools (tide / currents)
- Maximum XTD
What should the OOW be reminded of before planning a passage on an ECDIS?
Charted objects are not more accurate on an ECDIS than on paper charts.
Ensure substantial safety margin.
Why do we passage plan?
LEGAL requirement under SOLAS CH 5
