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Virology > Parvoviridae > Flashcards

Parvoviridae Flashcards

1
Q

What species are affected by parvovirus?

A 
Cat
dog
pig
cattle
bird
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2
Q

What kind of virus is parvovirus? be specific

A

linear ssDNA

no envelope

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3
Q

Where does parvovirus replicate?

A

nucleus of rapidly dividing cells

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4
Q

How is FPV transmitted?

A

fecal-oral route

contact, aerosols, fleas and humans

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5
Q

Can the FPV encode it’s own mitogenic function?

A

no, it uses host cell’s enzymes (RNA polymerase)

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6
Q

What does RNA polymerase II do for parvovirus?

A

Transcribes DNA into mRNA

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7
Q

What are clinical signs noticable with FPV?

A

5-7 days

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8
Q

How will kittens < 2weeks of age present? > 2weeks?

A

Ataxic – cerebellum

Panleukopenia, enteritis

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9
Q

Can FPV be congenital?

A

Yes – cerebellar hypoplasia and panleukopenia –> marked ataxia

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10
Q

What are the two major lesions with FPV?

A

Enteritis (hemorrhagic and necrotizing enteritis)

Panleukopenia

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11
Q

Why is recovery shorter with enteritis FPV?

A

crypts are the target and they are responsible for replenishing enterocyte populations

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12
Q

What diagnostic tests can you run for FPV?

A

ELISA ($15)
virus neutralization (cheap - $3)
HAI (cheap - $3)
IFA (cheap - $3)

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13
Q

Does parvovirus cause hemaglutination?

A

Yes

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14
Q

What types of vaccines are available?

A

Modified live and inactivated

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15
Q

When is it necessary to use the inactivated vaccine for FPV?

A

kittens < 4 weeks and pregnant queens

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16
Q

What are the disadvantages to using inactivated vaccine for FPV?

A

Booster needed
Adjuvant needed
Higher risk of vaccine rxn

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17
Q

what are some advantages to giving the modified live vaccine for FPV?

A 
One dose needed
quicker immunity
long term immunity
no adjuvant needed
lower risk of vaccine rxn
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18
Q

Can cats contract FPV from fleas from the infected cat?

A

Yes

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19
Q

What happens to kittens that are born from infected queens?

A

severe brain damage

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20
Q

Can FPV be treated?

A

There is no tx. Just supportive care.

21
Q

What type of genome does canine parvovirus have? envelope?

A

ssDNA genome

no envelope

22
Q

T/F

Parvovirus can not live in the environment for over 1 month

A

False

Extremely resistant. Can survive in environment for up to 1 year

23
Q

How does parvovirus gain access to intestinal crypts?

A

leukocytes bring it

24
Q

What tissues are targeted for CPV?

A

tonsillar LN
menenteric LN
thymus
Bone marrow

25
Q

What leukocyte abnormality will you see on the CBC with CPV?

A

leukopenia – lymphopenia from LN destruction/consumption of lymphocytes + neutropenia from necrosis of stem cells in BM

26
Q

What happens in CPV puppies infected in utero or at an age < 2 weeks?
3-8 weeks?

A

Generalized overwhelming infxn
Myocarditis (rare)
Acute death

3-8 weeks
Myocarditis –> chronic fibrosis
Acute death
May not show signs and suddenly die

27
Q

Lesions in puppies with CPV < 8 weeks

A 
Intestinal villus necrosis
Lymphadenomegaly
Necrosis of myeloid and erythroid stem cells
Hemorrhagic enteritis
Exposure of villous BM
Endotoxemia
28
Q

What tissues does the CPV target in really young animals compared to FPV?

A

Myocardium versus cerebellum with FPV

29
Q

What age group is really susceptible to CPV? Breeds?

A

weaning - 6 months

Rottweiler and Doberman pinscher

30
Q

What is minute virus of canines?

A

Also known as CPV-1

31
Q

What causes canine parvovirus infection clinical signs, CPV-1 or CPV-2?

A

CPV-2

32
Q

T/F

Dogs that have recovered from parvovirus are safe to not shed the virus

A

False

They can shed up to 1 year after recovery

33
Q

What is the most characteristic finding with CPV compared to FPV?

A

leukopenia

34
Q

What are the hallmark of canine parvo?

A

Puppy 6-20 weeks old
Sudden episode of vomiting and foul-smelling bloody diarrhea
Lethargy and anorexia

35
Q

T/F

There is a direct relation of severity b/w the clinical illness of CPV and the leukopenia

A

True

36
Q

What are two similar diseases to CPV that we would want to rule out?

A 
Salmonellosis (fecal or blood culture)
Canine distemper (intracytoplasmic viral inclusion bodies on cytology or histopathology)
37
Q

What is the most common diagnostic tool for CPV? Why?

A

ELISA
100% sensitivity
99.9% specificity

38
Q

What samples can we test for CPV?

A

serum or feces

39
Q

What do the tests for CPV detect?

A

CPV-1, CPV-2, CPV-2a, CPV-2b, CPV-2c

40
Q

Name 3 ways maternal antibodies can affect susceptibility of CPV?

A
  1. bitch has low Ab titers – puppies susceptible as early as 4-6 weeks
  2. bitch has high Ab titers - puppies not susceptible until 18-20 weeks
  3. maternal Ab can interfere with immunization – window of time in which puppy is especially susceptible!
41
Q

What can we do to enhance vaccine efficacy and overcome this maternal antibody issue with CPV?

A
  1. Increase titer – contains more virus to efficiently overcome maternal Ab
  2. Low passage – made using low # of passes from original host
42
Q

What types of vaccines are available for CPV? What one is better against maternal Ab?

A

Killed and modified live

killed is better – ML vaccine has been known to be susceptible to maternal Ab

43
Q

what female pigs are most susceptible to PPV infection?

A

gilts are most susceptible

44
Q

How do boars transmit PPV? Does it cause damage to them?

A

Transmit in semen

does not damage boar or semen

45
Q

What happens to pregnant sows with PPV?

A

crosses placenta –> fetus is reabsorbed or mummification in older fetuses

46
Q

What will confirm if PPV was the cause of reproductive failure?

A

virus isolation from fetal material

47
Q

What can be done to see if a pig has had PPV?

A

Blood test

48
Q

what are some signs that the herd may have PPV?

A
  • mummified piglets of different sizes
  • increase in still birth
  • size of litters reduce
  • # of sows failing to farrow increases
  • herd records show reduction in repro success
49
Q

Is there a vaccine for PPV?

A

yes

inactivated, water based liquid vaccine

Virology (15 decks)

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