Parts of the Limbic System - lecture 7

Question 1

where is the amygdala

Answer 1

little almond shaped structure

deep inside the antero-inferior region of the temporal lobe

Question 2

what does the amygdala connect

Answer 2

hippocampus, the septal nuclei, prefrontal area and the medial dorsal nucleus of the thalamus

Question 3

what do the connections of the amygdala allow

Answer 3

the amygdala to play its role

Question 4

role of the amygdala

Answer 4

mediation and control of major affective activities

ex: friendship, love and affection, expression and mood, fear, rage, aggression

Question 5

what is the amygdala fundamental for

Answer 5

self preservation

b/c it is the center for identification of danger

Question 6

what input does the amygdala recieve

Answer 6

sensory input

highly processes input to recognize the elements of a scene that signal danger

Question 7

main inputs to the amygdala

Answer 7

visual, auditory and somatosensory cortices

Question 8

amygdala outputs

Answer 8

must be able to control the autonomic system

provoke an instant sympathetic response

Question 9

main outputs of the amygdala

Answer 9

hypothalamus and brainstem autonomic centers

Question 10

how is the amygdala divided

Answer 10

into 3 groups of subnuclei

Question 11

3 groups of subnuclei

Answer 11

large basolateral (ventrolateral)

small corticomedial

central

Question 12

large basolateral receives

Answer 12

receives afferent fibers

Question 13

small corticomedial receives

Answer 13

receives afferent fibers

Question 14

central

Answer 14

sends efferent fibers

Question 16

corticomedial nucleus

Answer 16

oldest phylogenetically

Question 16

what is the corticomedial nucleus

Answer 16

termination of olfactory info from the olfactory bulb and cortex

Question 17

how does the corticomedial nucleus project

Answer 17

projects to ventromedial nucleus of hypothalamus

plays a role in eating behaviors

Question 18

basolateral nucleus

Answer 18

newest phylogenetically

Question 19

what is the basolateral nucleus connected to

Answer 19

cortical sensory association areas from all lobes

Question 20

how does the basolateral nucleus project

Answer 20

to thalamus and the ventral striatum

Question 21

what does the basolateral nucleus influence

Answer 21

hypothalamic fxns associated w/ feeding and drinking behavior, autonomic and somatic reflexes and responses to stress

Question 22

what projects to the central nucleus

Answer 22

basolateral and corticomedial nuclei

Question 23

what does the central nucleus have connections to

Answer 23

reciprocal connections with the visceral sensory and visceral motor nuclei

located in the brainstem

Question 24

what does the central nucleus give rise to

Answer 24

ventral amygdalaofungal pathway

Question 25

ventral amygdalofungal pathway

Answer 25

terminates in the ANS nuclei of the brainstem

Question 26

what does the amygdalofungal pathway include

Answer 26

dorsal motor nucelus of the vagus

nuclei of reticular formation involved in respiratory and CV fxns

Question 27

what does destruction of both amygdalas lead to

Answer 27

tames the animal

sexually non-discriminative

deprived of affection and indifferent to danger

Question 28

what does the electrical stimulus of the amygdala elicit

Answer 28

crises of violent aggressivity

Question 29

humans w/ marked lesions on the amygdala

Answer 29

loose the affective meaning of the perception of any outside info

Question 30

where is the cingulate gyrus

Answer 30

medial side of the brain

b/w the cingulate sulcus and the corpus callosum

Question 31

what is the cingulate gyrus

Answer 31

principle fiber bundle connecting the 2 cerebral hemispheres

Question 32

what does the frontal part associate with

Answer 32

smells and sights with pleasant memories of previous emotions

participated in emotional reaction to pain and in the regulation of aggressive behavior

Question 33

what happens if the cingulate gyrus is cut

Answer 33

reduces pre-existent depression and anxiety levels

Question 34

what is the septal nuclei

Answer 34

evolutionary and developmental outgrowth of the hippocampus and the hypothalamus

Question 35

what does the septal nuclei link

Answer 35

the hippocampus with the hypothalamus as well as the brainstem

Question 36

what does the septal nuclei consist of

Answer 36

both lateral and medial segments via interconnections

Question 37

what does the septal nuclei exert

Answer 37

modulatory influences on the hippocampus in regard to memory fxn and arousal

Question 38

what else is the septal nuclei interconnected to

Answer 38

amygdala

for hypothalamic activity and emotional and sexual arousal

Question 39

ventral tegmental area of the brainstem

Answer 39

just below the thalamus

Question 40

what does the ventral tegmental area consist of

Answer 40

dopamine pathways

responsible for pleasure

Question 41

damage to ventral tegmental area

Answer 41

difficulty getting pleasure in life

often turn to alc, sweets, drugs and gambling

Question 42

where do the basal ganglia lie

Answer 42

over the sides of the limbic system

tightly connected with the cortex above them

Question 43

what are the basal ganglia responsible for

Answer 43

repetitive behaviors

reward experiences

focusing attention

Question 44

prefrontal cortex

Answer 44

lies in front of the motor area

part of the frontal lobe

Question 45

what is the prefrontal cortex involved with in the limbic system

Answer 45

same dopamine pathways as the ventral tegmental areas

plays a part in pleasure and addiction