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Basic Neuro - Test 2 > Hypothalamus > Flashcards

Hypothalamus Flashcards

1
Q

the hypothalamus nucleus is

A

fully fxnal at birth

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2
Q

hypothalamic fxns

A

control of appetite

fluid balance

glucose concentration

metabolism

sleeping

body temp regulation

continuation of the species

memory and emotional behavior

maintenance of homeostasis

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3
Q

what does the hypothalamus respond to

A

neural and non-neural stimulation

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4
Q

how is the hypothalamus divided

A

sagittal into 3 zones

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5
Q

3 zones of the hypothalamus

A

periventricular

medial and lateral

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6
Q

perventricular

A

concerned with neuroendocrine regulation

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7
Q

medial and lateral

A

concerned w/ affective states

including hunger and thirst

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8
Q

the 3 zones of the hypothalamus could be

A

further subdivided into subnuclei

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9
Q

how else is the hypothalamus divided

A

optic chiasm

tuber cinereum

mamillary bodies

into 4 regions in rostrocaudal sequence

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10
Q

4 regions of the hypothalamus

A

preoptic region

supraoptic region (chiasmatic or anterior)

tuberal region (infundibular or middle)

mamillary region (posterior)

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11
Q

preoptic region controls

A

the release of reproductive hormones from the pituitary gland

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12
Q

what does the preoptic region have

A

sexual dimorphism

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13
Q

sexual dimorphism –> females

A

anterior pituitary gland releases gonadotropic hormones

control the menstrural cycle

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14
Q

sexual dimorphism –> males

A

hormone release in continuous

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15
Q

supraoptic region

A

contains around 6 nuclei

3 most important are
-suprachiasmic nucleus
-anterior hypothalamic nucleus
-paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei

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16
Q

suprachiasmatic nucleus

A

receives visual info from retina

fxns in control of circadian rhythms

referred to as the “master clock of the body”

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17
Q

anterior hypothalamic nucleus

A

involved in temp regulation

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18
Q

paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei

A

most abundant blood supply in the brain

neurons synthesize the neurohypophyseal hormones –> oxytocin and ADH

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19
Q

tuberal region contains

A

nuclei involved in the control of anterior pituitary gland hormone release, caloric intake, appetite

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20
Q

tuberal region –> arcuate nucleus

A

infundibular nucleus

neurons that produce hypothalamic-releasing hormones

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21
Q

axons from tuberal region

A

form the tuberohypophyseal tract

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22
Q

tuberohypophyseal tract

A

goes to infundibulum

pass into the hypophyseal portal system

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23
Q

mamillary region

A

mamillary nuclei

3-4 of them form a mamillary body

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24
Q

what are the mamillary nuclei

A

major target protection area from hippocampus via the fornix

relaying input related to emotions

25
what do the mamillary nuclei do
relay input to the anterior nuclei of thalamus via prominent mammillothalamic tract
26
mamillary region --> posterior hypothalamic nucleus
contains cells that are sensitive to a decrease in the temp of the blood
27
what does the posterior hypothalamic nucleus serve as
a thermostat regulates body temp by conserving and stimulating heat production
28
what does the hypothalamus receive info from
external and internal conditions
29
info the hypothalamus receives
specific sensory info input from visceral senses contains many neurons that are sensitive to local temp, osmolarity, glucose, sodium circulating hormones influence it via the circumventricular organs
30
input from visceral senses
NTS --> nucleus of the solitary tract-taste
31
circulating hormones influence it via the circumventricular organs
brain regions near ventricles that lack a BBB
32
main output from hypothalamus
projections terminate in the sources of hypothalamic input in addition to the neural input, projects to anterior and posterior pituitary glands
33
what is the heat loss center
anterior hypothalamus
34
anterior hypothalamic nuclei
stimulated by warmth and initiates heat loss mechanisms
35
what do anterior hypothalamic nuclei cause
cutaneous vasodilation and sweating
36
lesions to anterior hypothalamus
cause hyperthermic rectal temps sometimes reaching 43 Celsius
37
main NT of anterior hypothalamus
norepinephrine
38
what is the heat gain center
posterior hypothalamus
39
posterior hypothalamic nucleus (heat gain center)
stimulated by cold and initates heat gain mechanisms causes shivering
40
lesions to posterior hypothalamus
failure of body temp
41
main NT of posterior hypothalamus
serotonin
42
regulation of food intake
through operation of 2 centers feeding center satiety
43
feeding center
located in the lateral nucelli stimulation evokes eating behavior in conscious animals destruction causes anorexia
44
satiety center
located in ventromedial nucleus stimulation causes cessation of eating
45
lesions to satiety center
hyperphagia and hypothalamic obesity
46
what does the satiety center do to the feeding center
inhibits it
47
what causes an increase in orexin synthesis
fasting
48
administration of exogenous orexin
induces eating
49
when does orexin production decrease
at night causes an individual to fall asleep
50
the hypothalamus is
master controlled of autonomic fxns
51
stimulation of anterior and middle hypothalamus
controls the activities of the PS NS
52
stimulation of the posterior and lateral hypothalamus
controls the activities of the sympathetic NS
53
rage center
lateral nuclei of the hypothalamus
54
placidity center
ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus
55
rage center is stimulated by
amygdaloid nucleus int he limbic system
56
rage center is inhibited by
signals from the placidity center and the neocortex
57
where is the hypothalmus
on the floor of the brain along the walls of the 3rd ventricle behind the optic chiasm above the pituitary
58
how does the hypothalamus control the pituitary
2 ways

Basic Neuro - Test 2 (14 decks)

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