Parts of Respiratory System

Question 1

Alveoli

Answer 1

• Responsible for the transfer of oxygen into the blood and removal of waste such as CO2 out of the blood
• Air sacs

Question 2

Bronchioles

Answer 2

Small airways that extend from the bronchi and connect the bronchi to small clusters of thin walled air sacs (alveoli)

Question 3

Bronchus

Answer 3

• Carry air to the lungs
• When inhaled air reaches the bronchi, it is warm, clear of most impurities and saturated with water vapour

Question 4

Trachea

Answer 4

• Start of the lower respiratory tract
• Contains rings of cartilage to prevent it from collapsing and is flexible
• Travels down neck in front of the oesophageal and banches into the right and left bronchi

Question 5

Lungs

Answer 5

• Organs that allow oxygen to be drawn into the body

Question 6

Larynx

Answer 6

• Voice box
• Has rigid walls of muscle and cartilage and contains the vocal cords
• Connects pharynx to trachea

Question 7

Epiglottis

Answer 7

• Small flap of cartilage at the back of the tongue
• Closes the top of the trachea when you swallow to ensure food and drink pass into stomach and not lungs

Question 8

Pharynx

Answer 8

• Throat
• Small funnel shaped tube that connects the nasal cavity and mouth to larynx and oesophagus
• Passageway for food and air

Question 9

Nasal Cavity

Answer 9

• Air enters nasal cavity through the nostrils
• Hair filters out dust and pollen
• Air is warmed and moistened before passing into the pharynx
• Sticky mucous layer traps smaller foreign particles which tiny hairs (cilia) transport to the pharynx to be swallowed

Question 10

Diaghragm

Answer 10

• Flat muscle beneath lungs
• Contraction increases the volume of the chest cavity, drawing air into the lungs
• Relaxation involves recoil of the diagram and decreases the volume of the chest cavity, pushing air out

Question 11

Thoracic Cavity

Answer 11

• Chamber of the chest that is protected but the thoracic wall (ribcage)
• Separated from abdominal cavity by diaphragm

Question 12

Internal Intercostal Muscles

Answer 12

• Lie inside ribcage
• Draw the ribs downwards and inwards, decreasing the volume of the chest cavity and forcing the air out of the lungs when breathing out

Question 13

External Intercostal Muscles

Answer 13

• Lie outside ribcage
• Pull ribs upwards and outwards, increasing the volume of the chest cavity and drawing the air into the lungs and breathing in