Parts Of Cells and info about cells Flashcards
Cell wall
Structure+support
Cell membrane
Controls what goes in or out of a cell
Nucleus
Control center of the cell
Ribosome
Makes protein
Endoplasmic reticulum
Sends materials inside the cell
Golgi body
Packages and sends materials out of the cell
Lysosomes
Breaks things down (waste,food…)
Vacuoles
Store food + water
Mitochondria
Make energy
Chloroplasts
Make food (glucose) by photosynthesis
Pili (bacteria)
Helps bacteria stick to things
Flagella
Whiplike tail for movement
Cilia
Tiny hair for movement
Cytoplasm
Jelly like suntans that holds everything in place
Chromosome
Stores DNA
Three distinct characteristics of a prokaryotic cell
- no nucleus
- no membrane bound organelles
- always unicellular
Type of prokaryotic cell
Eubacteria
Eubacteria
“True bacteria”
Live on on you and in you can be harmful and make you sick or can be good
The cell wall of eubacteria
Peptidoglycan
nutrition– what type of organisms makes their own food?
Autotroph
Nutrition– what type of organisms find their own food?
Heterotroph
2 characteristics of eukaryotic cells
- has nucleus
* has membrane-bound organelles
What three kind of cells are eukaryotic?
Animal cells
Fungi cells
Plant cells
Three characteristics of animal cells
No cell wall
No chloroplasts
Heterotrophs
Three characteristics of plant cells
Have a cell wall–cellulose
Have chloroplasts
Autotrophs
Three characteristics of fungi cells
Cell wall– chiton
No chloroplasts
Heterotrophs
Semi permeable cell membrane
The cell membrane does not allow all things to enter or leave
The membrane is made up of two layers of phospholipids so it is known as…
Phospholipid bilayer
Embedded in the bilayer are _____ that act as channels or pumps to move molecules in or out that can’t fit through the bilayer
Proteins
These attach to either lipids or proteins in the cell membrane and act in cell to cell recognition, which helps identify foreign cells vs. “self”
Carbohydrate chain
Cholesterol
Can be found among hydrophobic tails and their job is to maintain fluidity and flexibility within the cell membrane
Cellular drinking
Pinocytosis
Sends things out of a cell using energy
Exocytosis
Example of exocytosis
Protein/ enzyme leaving a cell
Facilitated diffusion
Diffusion of molecules using a protein channel ex: the molecule is big
Brings things into a cell using energy
Endocytosis
Cellular eating
Phagocytosis
Ex:amebas eating
Hypertonic environment
When there is more solute outside of a cell
Hypotonic cell
More solute inside the cell
Isotonic environment
There is equal amounts of solute outside and inside of the cell
What happens to water in a hypertonic environment
It leaves the cell
What happens to water in a hypotonic environment
It goes into the cell
What does water do in a isotonic environment?
The water moves equally between the cell and outside environment
Osmosis
Diffusion of h2o, the water always moves where there is more solute
Transport that requires energy
Active transport
Transfer that requires no energy
Passive transport
Where do molecules move in passive transport
High-> low concentration
Where do molecules move to in active transport
Low->high concentration
3 examples of passive transport
Diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion
Two examples of active transport
Endocytosis and exocytosis
Diffusion
Movement of molecules from high to low concentration through the phospholipid bilayer
Shapes of eubacteria
Coccus, bacillus, spirillum
Rod shaped eubacteria
Bacillus
Spherical shaped eubacteria
Coccus
Spiral shaped eubacteria
Spirillum
2 types of prokaryotic cells
Eubacteria and archaebacteria
Cell wall of archaebacteria
Not peptidoglycan
Love warm environments
Thermophile
Love salty environments
Halophile
Love acidic environments
Acidophilus
Live in oxygen free environments and produce methane
Methanogens
Binary fusion
The asexual reproduction of pro. Cells where they double the chromosome and split in half
